The Stansted Airport Track Transit System (TTS) is a fully automated people mover system which operates within London Stansted Airport in England, United Kingdom.[1]
| Stansted Airport Track Transit System | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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 An Adtranz C-100 vehicle approaches the Terminal station | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overview | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Locale | London Stansted Airport, Essex, England, UK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Transit type | Automated guideway transit/People mover | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of lines | 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of stations | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Daily ridership | 36,000 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Annual ridership | 11.5 million | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Website | Stansted Airport Terminal Guide | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operation | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Began operation | 1991 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ended operation | 2026 (proposed) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Operator(s) | Stansted Airport Limited | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Character | Elevated (Depot to Main Terminal) Underground (Gates 1-39/satellites 1 and 2) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rolling stock | 5 × Adtranz C-100 4 × Adtranz CX-100 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Number of vehicles | 8 in normal operation; 9 in total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Technical | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| System length | 2 miles (3.2 km) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrification | Central third rail | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The transit system conveys air travellers between the main airport terminal and the departure/arrival gates, which are located some distance from the main terminal in satellite buildings 1 and 2. The system operates exclusively "airside", meaning that it can only be accessed by passengers who have first passed through airport security. The transit is provided free of charge, with easy access for disabled passengers and is fully electric, much less polluting than the diesel buses that serve the car parks and remote aircraft stands.[2][3]
It is planned to decommission and partially demolish[4] the Stansted TTS in the spring of 2026 as part of a redevelopment project, and replace the transit system with pedestrian bridges.[5]
History
editThe Stansted Airport Transit System was opened in 1991. It was constructed as a result of the decision by the British Airports Authority (BAA) to redevelop the airport with an arrangement of satellite buildings detached from the main terminal. The BAA considered several options for conveying passengers safely and rapidly to the airport gates, including moving walkways, tunnels, bridges and bus links, before opting for an automated tracked transit system. After opening in 1991 the system was extended in 1998 with an additional underground station to serve a second satellite building.[1]
Route
editGuideway
editThe Stansted Airport TTS vehicles run along a double-track guideway totalling 3.2 kilometres (2.0 mi) in length[1] which connects the main terminal building with two satellite buildings. The route begins on an elevated section alongside the departure lounge, before entering a tunnel which passes beneath the airport apron.[6] There is an elevated maintenance depot at one end.
Stations
editThe Transit System has three stations: Terminal (arrivals and departures at separate points), Gates 1–19 (Satellite 1 arrivals and departures) and Gates 20–39 (Satellite 2 arrivals and departures). Satellite 3 (Gates 40–59) is not served by the Transit System; instead a pedestrian footway links the gates with the main terminal.[3]
Each station has segregated boarding and alighting platforms, allowing a more efficient passenger flow. All boarding points are equipped with platform screen doors.
Vehicles
edit
5 Adtranz C-100 cars built by Westinghouse for the system, with car bodies built in Scotland by Walter Alexander before being shipped to Pittsburgh for assembly and testing, are still in service today. This was increased to 9 when 4 new Adtranz CX-100 cars were delivered during the 1998 expansion.[1] During normal operation, eight out of the nine cars will be in service to maintain a 99.98% availability record.[1][3] The cars can operate as single-, double-, or triple-unit trains that can be easily accessed by disabled passengers. The trains are fully automated and driverless, classed as a Grade of Automation level 4 (unattended) system and regulated by the Office of Rail Regulation. The Stansted TTS is currently the world's last remaining APM system to use the Adtranz C-100 rolling stock.
Planned closure
editIn April 2023, Manchester Airport Group, the owner of Stansted Airport, announced the Airport Route 43 project to expand the airport. As part of this scheme, the Stansted Track Transit System (TTS) will be decommissioned in the spring of 2026.[7]
The decision to decommission the TTS was based on various issues related to its age and operational limitations. Originally designed in the 1980s with an intended lifespan of 20-25 years, the system was already exceeding its expected operational period. Components such as the carriages, track, power systems, software, communication systems, fire systems, door sets within stations, and other safety features were becoming obsolete, with manufacturer support no longer available, replacing the entire system was deemed cost-prohibitive.[8] The TTS had also become a cause of bottlenecks, as it delivered large groups of passengers simultaneously to the border control area.[8]
After closing the system, the TTS track will undergo partial demolition, with the track underneath the existing canopy being removed. The remaining track, supporting structure, and TTS maintenance facility will remain intact but not operational.[9] The plan is to replace the TTS system with pedestrian Sky Link bridges, so both outbound and inbound passengers would walk to and from their gates.[5] During the development passengers will be transported on buses which will increase the journey time to the boarding gates. On 31 October 2023 London Stansted Airport was granted planning permission to extend its terminal building and decommission the Stansted TTS.[10]
Pictures
edit-
An Adtranz C-100 vehicle approaching the Main Terminal -
Platform doors at a Transit station -
Set of points for a crossover connecting the two tracks -
A Transit vehicle in the tunnel section -
Map of the Stansted Transit System -
In-car route information signage -
Aerial view of the airport, with the Transit line visible in front of the main terminal -
C-100 vehicle on elevated guideway section
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ a b c d e "24. BAA Stansted, Airport Transit System, TTS – The Track Transit System" (PDF). Cambridge University/BAA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 July 2011. Retrieved 11 July 2008.
- ^ "In The Terminal". Stansted Airport website. The Manchester Airports Group plc. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- ^ a b c Simons, Graham; Bowman, Martin W. (2011). London's Airports. Casemate Publishers. pp. 135–6. ISBN 9781848843943. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- ^ MAG London Stansted Airport (July 2023). "London Stansted Airport: Stansted Transformation Programme (STN-TP) Terminal Extension Design and Access Statement" (PDF). HM Government. Retrieved 10 August 2024. Publisher: HM Government Date: July 2023 URL: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/64d0fc30e5491a00134b5946/Design___Access_Statement_-_checked.pdf Accessed: August 10, 2024
- ^ a b Morby, Aaron. "Plan in for Stansted airport terminal extension". Construction Enquirer. Archived from the original on 12 December 2023. Retrieved 12 December 2023.
- ^ Smiler, Simon. "Monorails, Maglevs and 'Cabin' Transports". citytransport.info. Archived from the original on 10 January 2018. Retrieved 10 January 2018.
- ^ "Section 62A Planning Application: S62A/2023/0022 - London Stansted Airport, Bassingbourn Road, Stansted CM24 1QW". GOV.UK. 31 August 2023. Retrieved 4 September 2023.
- ^ a b McCarthy, Lucie (September 2023). "HERITAGE STATEMENT Stansted Airport Terminal Extension" (PDF). gov.uk.
- ^ "Stansted Airport Terminal Architectural Site Plan - Demolition Existing" (PDF). HM Government. July 2023. Retrieved 10 August 2024.
- ^ "Planning permission granted to extend terminal". Planning permission granted to extend terminal. Retrieved 10 August 2024.