Stress–strain index

The stress–strain index (SSI), of a bone, is a surrogate measure of bone strength^[1] determined from a cross-sectional scan by QCT or pQCT (radiological scan). The stress–strain index is used to compare the structural parameters determined by analysis of QCT/pQCT cross-sectional scans to the results of three-point bending test.^{[citation needed]}

Definition

It is calculated using the following formula:^[2]

${\text{SSI}}=\sum _{i=0}^{n}{{r_{i}^{2}a({\frac {CD}{ND}})} \over {r_{\text{max}}}}$

Where:

r_max is the distance of voxel from centre
CD is the apparent cortical (bone) density
ND is the normal (cortical bone) density
r_i is the pixel position from the centre
a is the area of a pixel

History and relation to moments of inertia

It was developed by the manufacturer of a peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT) scanner,^[2] and is considered to be by some an improvement over the information provided by calculating the area moments of inertia and polar moments of inertia.

References

^ Ward K, Roberts S, Adams J, Mughal M (2005). "Bone geometry and density in the skeleton of pre-pubertal gymnasts and school children". Bone. 36 (6): 1012–8. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.03.001. PMID 15876561.
^ ^a ^b Hasegawa Y, Schneider P, Reiners C (2001). "Age, sex, and grip strength determine architectural bone parameters assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the human radius". J Biomech. 34 (4): 497–503. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00211-6. PMID 11266673.

[1] Ward K, Roberts S, Adams J, Mughal M (2005). "Bone geometry and density in the skeleton of pre-pubertal gymnasts and school children". Bone. 36 (6): 1012–8. doi:10.1016/j.bone.2005.03.001. PMID 15876561.

[hasegawa-2] Hasegawa Y, Schneider P, Reiners C (2001). "Age, sex, and grip strength determine architectural bone parameters assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) at the human radius". J Biomech. 34 (4): 497–503. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(00)00211-6. PMID 11266673.

[1]

[2]