A supreme leader or supreme ruler typically refers to to powerful figures with an unchallenged authority, such as autocrats, dictators to spiritual and revolutionary leaders.[1] Historic examples are Adolf Hitler (Führer) of Nazi Germany, Francisco Franco (Caudillo) of Francoist Spain, Benito Mussolini (Duce) of Fascist Italy and Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union.

List of titles

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Listed by date of establishment.

Interwar period

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World War II

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Cold War era

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Post–Cold War era

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In the 2012 movie The Dictator, the titular character was referred to as "Supreme Leader."[21]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Supreme Leader. Power Dynamics and Authoritarian Rule in Modern States, by Fouad Sabry, 2024
  2. ^ Yegorov, O. (27 December 2019). "Meet Russian Imperial officers who almost stopped the Bolsheviks". Russia Beyond the Headlines. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
  3. ^ Berkofsky, Axel (1 January 2012). A pacifist constitution for an armed empire. Past and present of Japanese security and defence policies. Franco Angeli. p. 37. ISBN 978-8856845044.
  4. ^ Eddy, Beverley Driver (7 September 2021). Ritchie Boy Secrets: How a Force of Immigrants and Refugees Helped Win World War II. Stackpole Books. p. 308. ISBN 978-0811769969.
  5. ^ William C. Kirby (ed.), Realms of Freedom in Modern China, p. 121
  6. ^ a b c Tertitskiy, Fyodor (19 January 2015). "Leader, Sun, Mentor, Guide: How North Korean leaders choose their titles". NK*News. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 2 June 2019.
  7. ^ Mydans, Seth (17 April 1998). "Death of Pol Pot; Pol Pot, Brutal Dictator Who Forced Cambodians to Killing Fields, Dies at 73". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 February 2020.
  8. ^ Carroll, Rory (2013). Commandante: myth and reality in Hugo Chávez's Venezuela. New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-457-9.
  9. ^ "Why China is reviving Mao's grandiose title for Xi Jinping". South China Morning Post. 28 October 2017. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  10. ^ "Xi Jinping is no longer any old leader". The Economist. 17 February 2018. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 24 July 2019.
  11. ^ "Putin takes oath for record fifth presidential term". 7 May 2024. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
  12. ^ "Profile: Ayatollah Seyed Ali Khamenei". BBC News. 17 June 2009. Archived from the original on 26 March 2009. Retrieved 12 August 2022.
  13. ^ Walker, Shaun (24 April 2015). "Kazakhstan election avoids question of Nazarbayev successor". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 8 September 2016.
  14. ^ Cummings, Sally N. (2010). Symbolism and Power in Central Asia: Politics of the Spectacular. Milton, United Kingdom: Routledge. pp. 91–92. ISBN 978-0415575676.
  15. ^ Walker, Shaun (25 May 2015). "A horse, a horse… Turkmenistan president honours himself with statue". The Guardian.
  16. ^ "Teflon Rahmon: Tajik President Getting 'Leader' Title, Lifelong Immunity". Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. RFE/RL's Tajik Service. 10 December 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2016.
  17. ^ Bhatti, Haseeb (21 February 2018). "Nawaz Sharif removed as PML-N head after SC rules disqualified person cannot lead a party". DAWN.COM. Retrieved 1 March 2018.
  18. ^ National Leader » AZERBAIJAN » Official web-site of President of Azerbaijan Republic
  19. ^ Heydar Aliyev Foundation - National leader
  20. ^ "Laos profile - timeline". BBC News. 19 October 2011. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
  21. ^ "Sacha Baron Cohen Won't Talk but the Supreme Leader of Wadiya Has a Lot to Say". New York Times. 3 May 2012.
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