Tubulin beta-4B chain

Tubulin beta-4B chain formerly known as tubulin beta-2C chain is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TUBB4B gene. It is thought that this protein could determine which hand is dominant in humans due to variations of the TUBB4B gene, which cause the protein to form microtubules that form cilia which direct fluids asymmetrically during development.

TUBB4B
Identifiers
Aliases	TUBB4B, Beta2, TUBB2, TUBB2C, tubulin beta 4B class IVb, LCAEOD
External IDs	OMIM: 602660; MGI: 1915472; HomoloGene: 68504; GeneCards: TUBB4B; OMA:TUBB4B - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 9 (human) Band 9q34.3 Start 137,241,287 bp End 137,243,707 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 2 (mouse) Band 2|2 A3 Start 25,112,172 bp End 25,114,714 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in right testis left testis bronchial epithelial cell right uterine tube spinal ganglia olfactory zone of nasal mucosa pars compacta mucosa of ileum orbitofrontal cortex Brodmann area 46 Top expressed in spermatid testicle spermatocyte primary oocyte secondary oocyte Hypothalamus esophagus bone marrow lens epiblast More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function nucleotide binding unfolded protein binding GTP binding structural constituent of cytoskeleton GTPase activity double-stranded RNA binding MHC class I protein binding Cellular component cytoplasm extracellular vesicle cytosol myelin sheath microtubule cytoskeleton extracellular exosome nucleus extracellular matrix extracellular region microtubule cytoskeleton azurophil granule lumen Biological process G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle microtubule-based process natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity cytoskeleton organization neutrophil degranulation ciliary basal body-plasma membrane docking regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle microtubule cytoskeleton organization mitotic cell cycle Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 10383 227613 Ensembl ENSG00000188229 ENSMUSG00000036752 UniProt P68371 P68372 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_006088 NM_146116 RefSeq (protein) NP_006079 NP_666228 Location (UCSC) Chr 9: 137.24 – 137.24 Mb Chr 2: 25.11 – 25.11 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Further reading

• Burgoyne RD, Cambray-Deakin MA, Lewis SA, et al. (1989). "Differential distribution of beta-tubulin isotypes in cerebellum". EMBO J. 7 (8): 2311–9. doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03074.x. PMC 457095. PMID 2461292.
• Wang D, Villasante A, Lewis SA, Cowan NJ (1987). "The mammalian beta-tubulin repertoire: hematopoietic expression of a novel, heterologous beta-tubulin isotype". J. Cell Biol. 103 (5): 1903–10. doi:10.1083/jcb.103.5.1903. PMC 2114403. PMID 3782288.
• Watts NR, Sackett DL, Ward RD, et al. (2000). "HIV-1 Rev Depolymerizes Microtubules to Form Stable Bilayered Rings". J. Cell Biol. 150 (2): 349–60. doi:10.1083/jcb.150.2.349. PMC 2180222. PMID 10908577.
• Szalay J, Bruno P, Bhati R, et al. (2001). "Associations of PKC isoforms with the cytoskeleton of B16F10 melanoma cells". J. Histochem. Cytochem. 49 (1): 49–66. doi:10.1177/002215540104900106. PMID 11118478. S2CID 41666892.
• Tarazona R, López-Lluch G, Galiani MD, et al. (2001). "HLA-B2702 (77-83/83-77) peptide binds to beta-tubulin on human NK cells and blocks their cytotoxic capacity". J. Immunol. 165 (12): 6776–82. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.165.12.6776. PMID 11120798.
• Walss-Bass C, Xu K, David S, et al. (2003). "Occurrence of nuclear beta(II)-tubulin in cultured cells". Cell Tissue Res. 308 (2): 215–23. doi:10.1007/s00441-002-0539-6. PMID 12037579. S2CID 25518226.
• Krebs DL, Uren RT, Metcalf D, et al. (2002). "SOCS-6 Binds to Insulin Receptor Substrate 4, and Mice Lacking the SOCS-6 Gene Exhibit Mild Growth Retardation". Mol. Cell. Biol. 22 (13): 4567–78. doi:10.1128/MCB.22.13.4567-4578.2002. PMC 133908. PMID 12052866.
• Strausberg RL, Feingold EA, Grouse LH, et al. (2003). "Generation and initial analysis of more than 15,000 full-length human and mouse cDNA sequences". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 99 (26): 16899–903. Bibcode:2002PNAS...9916899M. doi:10.1073/pnas.242603899. PMC 139241. PMID 12477932.
• Chen D, Wang M, Zhou S, Zhou Q (2004). "HIV-1 Tat _targets microtubules to induce apoptosis, a process promoted by the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 relative Bim". EMBO J. 21 (24): 6801–10. doi:10.1093/emboj/cdf683. PMC 139103. PMID 12486001.
• Dozier JH, Hiser L, Davis JA, et al. (2003). "β class II tubulin predominates in normal and tumor breast tissues". Breast Cancer Res. 5 (5): R157–69. doi:10.1186/bcr631. PMC 314434. PMID 12927047.
• Trinczek B, Brajenovic M, Ebneth A, Drewes G (2004). "MARK4 is a novel microtubule-associated proteins/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase that binds to the cellular microtubule network and to centrosomes". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (7): 5915–23. doi:10.1074/jbc.M304528200. PMID 14594945.
• Ota T, Suzuki Y, Nishikawa T, et al. (2004). "Complete sequencing and characterization of 21,243 full-length human cDNAs". Nat. Genet. 36 (1): 40–5. doi:10.1038/ng1285. PMID 14702039.
• Navarro-Lérida I, Martínez Moreno M, Roncal F, et al. (2004). "Proteomic identification of brain proteins that interact with dynein light chain LC8". Proteomics. 4 (2): 339–46. doi:10.1002/pmic.200300528. PMID 14760703. S2CID 8868600.
• Campbell GR, Pasquier E, Watkins J, et al. (2005). "The glutamine-rich region of the HIV-1 Tat protein is involved in T-cell apoptosis". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (46): 48197–204. doi:10.1074/jbc.M406195200. PMID 15331610.
• Gerhard DS, Wagner L, Feingold EA, et al. (2004). "The Status, Quality, and Expansion of the NIH Full-Length cDNA Project: The Mammalian Gene Collection (MGC)". Genome Res. 14 (10B): 2121–7. doi:10.1101/gr.2596504. PMC 528928. PMID 15489334.
• Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, et al. (2005). "Nucleolar proteome dynamics". Nature. 433 (7021): 77–83. Bibcode:2005Natur.433...77A. doi:10.1038/nature03207. PMID 15635413. S2CID 4344740.
• de Mareuil J, Carre M, Barbier P, et al. (2006). "HIV-1 Tat protein enhances Microtubule polymerization". Retrovirology. 2: 5. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-5. PMC 549075. PMID 15691386.
• Giacca M (2006). "HIV-1 Tat, apoptosis and the mitochondria: a tubulin link?". Retrovirology. 2: 7. doi:10.1186/1742-4690-2-7. PMC 549042. PMID 15698476.
• Ahmed M, Forsberg J, Bergsten P (2005). "Protein profiling of human pancreatic islets by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry". J. Proteome Res. 4 (3): 931–40. doi:10.1021/pr050024a. PMID 15952740.

External links

• TUBB4B human gene location in the UCSC Genome Browser.
• TUBB4B human gene details in the UCSC Genome Browser.