Taiwan–United Kingdom relations refers to bilateral relations between Taiwan (officially the Republic of China) and the United Kingdom (officially the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). Due to the One China policy, the United Kingdom does not diplomatically recognise the Government of the Republic of China and all diplomatic relations between the two countries take place on an unofficial basis. Taiwan maintains the Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. in London with a branch office in Edinburgh, while the United Kingdom maintains the British Office Taipei in Taipei.
 | |
 Taiwan |
 United Kingdom |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. | British Office Taipei |
| Envoy | |
| Kelly Wu-Chiao Hsieh | John Dennis |
History
editKingdom of Tungning (1661–1683)
editThe East India Company and Zheng Jing, ruler of the Kingdom of Tungning had an agreement on trade.[1]
Under Qing and Japanese rule
editIn 1861, the British consulate opened on Fort Santo Domingo in Taipei (Taihoku).[2] Joseph Henry Longford was appointed Consul at Tainan on 4 February 1896, and then to Nagasaki on 28 December 1896. Dr. Hsieh Pao, appointed on 4 June 1948, was the last RoC ambassador to the UK.[3]
Since 1949
editAfter the defeat of the nationalist forces in Mainland China during the Chinese Civil War and the retreat of the KMT government to Taiwan, the United Kingdom broke off diplomatic relations with the Republic of China and recognised the People's Republic of China from 6 January 1950. The United Kingdom however maintained a Consulate in Tamsui until 13 March 1972.
Both the Republic of China and the United Kingdom were Permanent members of the UN Security Council until 1971 when the UN switched recognition to the People's Republic of China.
In September 1962, Taiwan opened its representative office in London under the name of the Free Chinese Centre which was later renamed the Taipei Representative Office in the U.K. The United Kingdom opened its representative office in 1993 under the name of the British Trade and Cultural Office which was later renamed the British Office Taipei in 2015.[4]
Margaret Thatcher visited Taiwan in 1992 and again in 1996.[5]
After the 1999 Jiji earthquake, which was the second-deadliest earthquake in Taiwan's history, the UK dispatched a disaster rescue team to help search for trapped survivors and condolences were offered to the victims by Elizabeth II.[6]
The United Kingdom supports Taiwan's participation in international organisations where statehood is not a prerequisite, including lobbying for Taiwan's participation in the World Health Organization.[7] Taiwan has been referred to as a country by several UK Members of Parliament.[8][9]
In 2020, Taiwan donated medical masks to the United Kingdom to help fight the COVID-19 pandemic. Donated masks were transferred to the NHS for distribution. The masks were among 7 million donated to European countries.[10]
On 22 October 2020, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Taiwan (MOFA) brokered a deal with the UK to get 100 UK students to study at local Taiwanese universities. The students will be on scholarships and they will be learning Mandarin. The deal is part of President Tsai Ing-wen's vision to turn Taiwan into a bilingual country by 2030.[11]
In 2022, a delegation of British parliamentarians led by Alicia Kearns visited Taiwan. The visit prompted protests by the Chinese embassy in London.[12]
Former prime minister Liz Truss visited Taiwan in May 2023.[5] In August 2023, the Foreign Affairs Select Committee referred to Taiwan as an "independent country."[13]
References
edit- ^ 賴永祥 (1965). 臺灣鄭氏與英國的通商關係史 (PDF). 《臺灣文獻》.
- ^ "British Consuls in South Formosa".
- ^ Best, Anthony. British Documents on Foreign Affairs: Reports and Papers ..., Part 4, Volume 9. University Publications of America. p. 245.
- ^ "U.K. renames representative office in Taiwan, retains functions". focustaiwan.tw.
- ^ a b Yeh, Joseph. "Former U.K. Prime Minister Liz Truss arrives in Taiwan". focustaiwan.tw. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
- ^ "Queen's sympathy for quake victims". BBC. 22 September 1999. Archived from the original on 26 October 2009. Retrieved 8 August 2009.
- ^ "Taiwan - Monday 10 February 2020 - Hansard - UK Parliament". hansard.parliament.uk.
- ^ "Coronavirus Bill - Monday 23 March 2020 - Hansard - UK Parliament". hansard.parliament.uk.
- ^ "UK Relations with Taiwan - Tuesday 24 October 2017 - Hansard - UK Parliament". hansard.parliament.uk.
- ^ Ya-chen, Tai. "Mask donation from Taiwan reaches United Kingdom". focustaiwan.tw. Focus Taiwan. Retrieved 14 April 2020.
- ^ "Taiwan to offer Mandarin scholarships to 100 UK students". Taiwan Today.
- ^ "China accuses UK of 'gross interference' over Taiwan visit". aljazeera.com. Al-Jazeera. Retrieved 3 December 2022.
- ^ "UK parliament calls Taiwan 'independent country' as Cleverly visits China". POLITICO. 29 August 2023. Retrieved 30 August 2023.