Teresia Constantia Phillips or Con Phillips (1700/1703[1] – 2 February 1765) was a British courtesan and bigamist who married at least five times and published a scandalous autobiography.[2] The case is narrated in Lawrence Stone, 'Uncertain unions. Marriage in England 1660-1753'.
Teresia Constantia Phillips | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 1700/1703 Kensington, England |
| Died | 2 February 1765 Kingston, Jamaica |
| Other names | Con Phillips |
Life
editPhillips was born in Kensington in 1700 or 1703.[3] Her early life is not reliably known as the major source is her autobiography. Her mother died when she was two years old.[4] Her education was said to have been paid for by her godmother, Catherine Powlett, the Duchess of Bolton. She attended Mrs Filler's boarding-school in Westminster until her father remarried to a servant. It has been suggested that the choice of step-mother may have led to her godmother removing the source of funding. She was raped at an early age by a character known as "Thomas Grimes". This was thought to be the assumed name of Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield, but more recent research identifies her attacker as Thomas Lumley-Saunderson, 3rd Earl of Scarbrough.[5] Phillips herself never realised who her attacker was and intriguingly her autobiography was dedicated to the man who attacked her, the 3rd Earl of Scarborough.[6]
Courtesan
editOn 11 November 1722 she married Francis Devall, a bigamist at the Anglican church of St Benet's, Paul's Wharf. This man assumed responsibility for her debts. On 9 February 1724 she married at the same church a rich merchant/banker Henry Muilman (Amsterdam, 27 August 1698- Marylebone, 4 May 1772) and an uncle of Trench Chiswell.[7] The marriage did not last long; within a year she lived in Paris with Mr. B. Henceforth. On 6 November 1724 Henry Muilman began a law suit for nullity of marriage on grounds of a prior marriage.[8] Muilman refused to pay her the money that had been agreed as part of the separation and a dispute began.[9] During the long court case she was said to have had seven other affairs. The men involved included her surgeon and the Tory M.P. Sir Herbert Pakington, 5th Baronet.[6] In 1727 she began a relationship with the gardener Philip Southcote.[10]
For two years she traveled around with a child, who died at the age of eleven (1735).[11] Phillips went abroad to France a number of times to avoid her creditors, but this was not always successful and she served time in the debtors' prison from 1742 to 1744.[6] The long-running court case between her and Muilman was settled in 1748.[12]
Memoirs
editPhillips wrote scandalous memoirs which had thinly hidden descriptions of her liaisons. Her main work was An Apology which was published in eighteen parts making up three volumes from 1748 through to 1749.[13] Michael Mascuch notes that the tone changes from a self-effacing apology to a proud justification for her victory over adversity and ill treatment.[9] These potentially libellous works led to Henry Fielding casting "Mrs Fllps" as a whore in a puppet play he wrote and he later urged the full force of the law of libel to be used against people like her and Paul Whitehead. Whitehead was presumed to be her accomplice in her publications.[14][15]
Phillips' descriptions were not always complimentary as she made out Philip Southcote to be self-obsessed and effeminate. The books themselves were so scandalous that the academic, Elizabeth Carter's, reading was described as so charitable that it would allow "her to read sympathetically even the scandalous memoirs of Teresia Constantia Phillips". It has been speculated that the books may have been published in serial form to encourage blackmail of her previous lovers.[16] The book described her five marriages and affairs with seven well-known men and the double standards that applied to her own life and bigamy.[12]
Jamaica
editIn 1751, Teresia Constantia Phillips settled in Jamaica with her lover, the wealthy Clarendon planter Henry Needham. Upon the instigation of Needham's friend, governor Henry Moore, she became singular as the only woman to be given an official government post when she was appointed by the governor with the office Mistress of the Revels, an office with the task to supervise and organize the official celebrations and entertainments in the colony, a task she performed and for which she was given a salary from the government.[17]
Phillips died in Kingston in Jamaica. She was said to have made three additional marriages in Jamaica and she was said to have died without mourners.[6]
References
edit
- ^ Lambeth Palace Library
- ^ PointingFingers, Brynmawr.edu, retrieved 25 March 2015
- ^ Lambeth Palace Library
- ^ T.C. Phillips (1750) An Apology for the Conduct of Mrs. T.C. Phillips, p. 193
- ^ Jane L. Magrath, (1997) CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: WOMEN'S BODIES AND THEIR EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY READERS, p. 31
- ^ a b c d Emma Plaskitt, 'Phillips , Teresia Constantia (1709–1765)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 1 April 2015 (subscription is required)
- ^ Lambeth Palace Library
- ^ Lambeth Palace Library
- ^ a b Mascuch, Michael (2013). The Origins of the Individualist Self. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 290, 293, 294, 322, 331, 332–3, 352–3, 355. ISBN 978-0745667737.
- ^ John Martin, 'Southcote, Philip (1697/8–1758)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004 accessed 1 April 2015 (subscription is required)
- ^ An Apology for the Conduct of Mrs. T. C. Phillips, p. 188
- ^ a b Stone, Lawrence (1992). Uncertain unions : marriage in England 1660-1753 (Repr. ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780198202530.
- ^ Spedding, Patrick. The Publication of Teresia Constantia Phillips's Apology (1748–49) [online]. Script & Print, Vol. 35, No. 1, Apr 2011: 23–64. Availability: here, ISSN 1834-9013. [cited 27 Mar 15]
- ^ Battestin, Martin C. (2000). A Henry Fielding companion ([Online-Ausg.] ed.). Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 115. ISBN 031329707X.
- ^ Jane L. Magrath, (1997) CORPORAL PUNISHMENT: WOMEN'S BODIES AND THEIR EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY READERS, p. 59
- ^ Elizabeth Carter, UK Red, retrieved March 2015
- ^ Trevor Burnard & John Garrigus: The Plantation Machine: Atlantic Capitalism in French Saint-Domingue