Al-Thawabit al-Wataniyya (Arabic: الثوابت الوطنية), shortened as Thawabit ('fundamental principles') and sometimes referred to as Palestinian red-lines,[1] are a set of Palestinian principles representing the core issues of national consensus on the Israeli–Palestinian conflict. The term Thawabit was coined by the Palestinian National Council in 1977.[2] According to Elgindy, these principles include:
- the right to resistance,
- the right to self-determination (statehood),
- Jerusalem as the capital of Palestine, and
- the right of Palestinian refugees to return to their homes and lands in what is today Israel (in accordance with UNGA 194).[3]
Shaked writes that the Thawabit, declared as Palestinians' inviolable national rights, "became the cornerstones of the ethos of conflict of the Palestinian society, featuring prominently in all cultural products, in the media, in the speeches of leaders, in official documents, in textbooks and in the daily life of the Palestinian society."[2]
The Thawabit was reaffirmed in the 2005 Palestinian Cairo Declaration.[3]
The Thawabit has also been cited by some American and British groups protesting the Israel–Hamas war.[4][5][6]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ Hammami, Rema (2000). Tamari, Salim (ed.). "The Battle for Jerusalem" (PDF). Jerusalem Quarterly File (10). Institute for Palestine Studies: 4.
- ^ a b Shaked, Ronni (2016). "Ethos of Conflict of the Palestinian Society". In Sharvit, Keren; Halperin, Eran (eds.). A Social Psychology Perspective on The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict : Celebrating the Legacy of Daniel Bar-Tal, Vol II. Springer International Publishing. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-3-319-24839-4.
- ^ a b Elgindy, Khaled (January 13, 2016). "Lost in the Chaos: The Palestinian Leadership Crisis". The Washington Quarterly. 38 (4): 133–150. doi:10.1080/0163660X.2015.1125834. S2CID 155985257. Retrieved January 2, 2021.
- ^ Otterman, Sharon (9 October 2024). "Pro-Palestinian Group at Columbia Now Backs 'Armed Resistance' by Hamas". The New York Times.
- ^ "Jewish student group express unease over U of M's agreement with pro-Palestinian protesters - CBS Minnesota". CBS News. 3 May 2024.
- ^ "Protests on UK campuses fail to mobilise same support as US counterparts".
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