The Bonnie House of Airlie

The Bonnie House of Airlie is a traditional Scottish folk song of the seventeenth century, telling the tale of the arson by Archibald Campbell, Earl of Argyll and Chief of Clan Campbell, on Airlie Castle, the home of James Ogilvy, Earl of Airlie, in the summer of 1640. A broadsheet version first appeared in 1790 and it received formal publication as number 199 in Francis Child's collection The English and Scottish Popular Ballads of 1882.

History

Although there had been traditional enmity between the Scottish clans Campbell and Ogilvie since at least the 16th-century, their private feud intensified in 1638, when the two clans joined opposite sides in the Bishop's Wars: Lord Ogilvy supported King Charles I and the Episcopalian faction within the Church of Scotland, while Campbell sided with both Presbyterianism and the National Covenant rebellion. When James Ogilvy raised a regiment of several hundred of his clansmen and marched south to the king's aid, Archibald Campbell of Argylle, claiming to act on behalf of the anti-royalist alliance, attacked and destroyed the castle of Airlie and, according to some accounts, personally raped James Ogilvy's wife, Lady Margaret Ogilvie, as an added provocation.

The texts

Child, collecting in the 1870s, found four broadly similar versions. These all describe how the castle was destroyed by fire after Lady Ogilvy refused to reveal the whereabouts of the family treasure. However other versions continued in oral circulation and the one reproduced here, with its bleak penultimate verse, was collected on 27 June 1955 in Fetterangus by Hamish Henderson and Peter Kennedy from Lucy Stewart:

It fell on a day, a bonny summer day,

When the corn was ripe and yellow,

That there fell oot a great dispute

Between Argyle aye and Airlie.

Lady Margaret looked o’er yon high castle wall,

And O but she sighed sairly.

She saw Argyle and a’ his men

Come to plunder the bonny hoose o’ Airlie.

"Come doun, come doun Lady Margaret," he said.

"Come doun and kiss me fairly

Or gin the morning's clear daylight

I willna leave a standing stane in Airlie."

"I’ll no come doun, ye false Argyll,

Nor will I kiss thee fairly.

I wouldnae kiss the false Argyle

Though you wouldna leave a standin’ stane in Airlie."

"For if my gude lord had been at hame,

As he's awa’ wi’ Chairlie,

There wouldnae come a Campbell frae Argyle

Dare trod upon the bonny green o’ Airlie."

"For I hae bore him seven bonny sons,

The eighth yin has never seen his daddy

But if I had as mony ower again

They would all be men for Chairlie."

But poor Lady Margaret was forced to come doun

And O but she sighed sairly

For their in front o’ all his men

She was ravished on the bowlin’ green o’ Airlie.

"Draw your dirks, draw your dirks," cried the brave Locheil.

"Unsheath your sword," cried Chairlie,

"We’ll kindle sic a lowe roond the false Argyle,

And licht it wi’ a spark oot o’ Airlie."

Given the numerous references to "Chairlie", in reality King Charles I, and the ending allusion to "Locheil", in reality Cavalier leader Ewen Cameron of Lochiel, the song has inevitably taken on additional layers of historical meaning, being widely assumed to refer to Prince Charles Edward Stuart, Donald Cameron of Lochiel, and the 1745 rebellion rather than to the arson of Airlie Castle during the Bishops' Wars.

Versions

Alan Lomax included the song in his Classic Ballads of Britain and Ireland of 1961. It was sung by Belle Stewart, who learned the song from her 91-year-old uncle Henry MacDonald, and recorded by Peter Kennedy. Later recordings, using different tunes, have been made by Ewan MacColl and Kate Rusby.

Different versions of the song were collected in Scotland, Canada, and the US.