The Soiling of Old Glory is a Pulitzer Prize-winning photograph taken by Stanley Forman during the Boston busing crisis in 1976.[1] It depicts a white teenager, Joseph Rakes, assaulting a black man—lawyer and civil rights activist Ted Landsmark—with a flagpole bearing the American flag (also known as Old Glory).
The image was taken for the Boston Herald American in Boston, Massachusetts, on April 5, 1976, during one in a series of protests against court-ordered desegregation busing.[1] It ran on the front page of the Herald American the next day, and also appeared in several newspapers across the country.[1] It won the 1977 Pulitzer Prize for Spot Photography.[2]
Landsmark had recently been an activist for more minority contractors in the construction industry, but was not involved with the busing protests.[3] According to Landsmark, "I had difficulty finding a parking space in downtown Boston, and I was running a few minutes late for the meeting in city hall. So I was in a hurry and perhaps not paying as much attention as I might have as I approached a corner, where the young demonstrators were coming in the other direction. I did not see them until both they and I were at that corner."[3]
Rakes was swinging the flag in an attempt to strike Landsmark, not attempting to spear him as it appears in the photo, and narrowly missed. Landsmark had already been knocked to the ground, losing his glasses and suffering a broken nose, by the time the picture was taken.[4][5] In the most widely-produced photo, it also appeared that the man behind Landsmark is holding him down. However, the man, identified as anti-busing activist Jim Kelly, was actually helping Landsmark to his feet, and later stepped in front to protect the man from further injury.[4]
Rakes was convicted of assault with a deadly weapon and sentenced to two years' imprisonment and two years' probation. The jail sentence was suspended. In 1983, Rakes assaulted his sister's boyfriend, who later died from the injuries sustained in the attack.[6] He fled prosecution, but returned in 1988 after the murder charge was dropped.[7] Rakes carried the stigma of being known as "the flag kid", but eventually married and had children while laboring as a construction worker and later in hazardous waste.[4]
References
edit- ^ a b c Masur, Louis P. (2008-04-10). "The Soiling of Old Glory". Slate. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ "The Pulitzer Prize Winners, 1977". The Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved 2008-04-12.
- ^ a b "Life After Iconic Photo: Today's Parallels Of American Flag's Role In Racial Protest". NPR. Retrieved 2016-09-18.
- ^ a b c Bayard, Louis (28 April 2008). "Flagging America's racial divide". Salon. Retrieved 16 May 2014.
- ^ "Stars and Strife". Archived from the original on 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2021-01-17.
- ^ Masur, Louis P. (2008-04-10). "The Soiling of Old Glory".
- ^ Ralph, James. "The picture of hatred". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 17 May 2014. Retrieved 3 Dec 2016.
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Further reading
edit- Louis P. Masur (2008). The Soiling of Old Glory: The Story of a Photograph That Shocked America. Bloomsbury Press. ISBN 978-1596913646.