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Timeline of Sussex history

This is a timeline of Sussex history. To read about the background to these events, see History of Sussex. See also the list of monarchs of Sussex.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Millennia: 1st BC · 1st · 2nd · 3rd

Centuries: 1st · 2nd · 3rd · 4th · 5th · 6th · 7th · 8th · 9th · 10th · 11th · 12th · 13th · 14th · 15th · 16th · 17th · 18th · 19th · 20th  · 21st

1st century

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Year Date Event Reference
c. 15 Verica succeeds Eppillus as king of the southern Atrebates (approximately modern Sussex and south-east Hampshire) with a capital at or close to what went on to become the Roman Noviomagus Reginorum (modern Chichester) [1]
by 42 Caratacus, king of the Catuvellauni tribe, conquers the southern Atrebatic kingdom and expels Verica. [1]
c.43 Romans land on Sussex coast as part of the Roman conquest of Britain, perhaps in support of Verica. Under Roman rule the client kingdom of the Regni or Regnenses is created from the southern Atrebatic kingdom for Cogidubnus that includes much of what is to become Sussex. [2][1]
c.75 The largest Roman residence north of the Alps is built close to what is now Chichester Harbour
c.80 Kingdom of Regni or Regnenses, becomes a Roman canton or civitas with its capital at Noviomagus Reginorum (modern Chichester). [2]

2nd century

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Year Date Event Reference
121/122 A stone statue, perhaps the largest in Roman Britain, is erected at what is now Chichester Harbour [3]
c.150 Ptolemy's Geography mentions several places in what was to become Sussex including Magnus Portus, Noeomagus (Noviomagus Reginorum), Novus Portus and the Flavius Trisantona (River Arun). [4]
c.190 Construction begins on a Romano-British villa just north of the South Downs, close to Stane Street

3rd century

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Roman masonry in the walls of Anderitum
Year Date Event Reference
c.200-250 Beachy Head Lady buried at East Dean, the first known person of sub-Saharan origin in Britain. [5]
c.293-300 The Romans build the Saxon Shore fort of Anderitum at Pevensey [6]

4th century

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5th century

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Year Date Event Reference
c.410 Romans leave Britain [7]
460s onwards Hoard of coins deposited at what is now Patching. [8]
c.477 Aelle arrived at Cymenshore; Aelle goes on to become the first king of Sussex and the first Bretwalda. [9][10]
485 Battle of Mercredesburne [11]
491 Siege of Anderitum in modern Pevensey. [12][13]

6th century

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Year Date Event Reference
c.500 The beginning of the Heptarchy, which includes the Kingdom of Sussex.

7th century

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Year Date Event Reference
607 Ceolwulf of Wessex fights the South Saxons [14]
661 King Æthelwealh of Sussex becomes Christian and his territory expands westwards to include the Meon Valley and the Isle of Wight. [15]
c. 679 Sussex is affected by famine. [16]
681 St Wilfrid arrives in Sussex. [17]
c.681 Selsey Abbey founded. [17]
685-686 Cædwalla of Wessex invades Sussex, killing King Æthelwealh of Sussex. [18]
686 South Saxons attack Hlothere, king of Kent, in support of Hlothere's nephew Eadric. [19]
c.7th century Sussex appears in the Tribal Hidage. [20]

8th century

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Year Date Event Reference
c.700 Parts of Sussex are mentioned in the Ravenna Cosmography including Nouiomago or Nauimago regentium (Chichester) and Anderito (Pevensey). [21]
710 King Nunna of Sussex and King Ine of Wessex clash with King Geraint of Dumnonia (Devon and Cornwall). [22]
c.715 Eadberht, Abbot of Selsey is consecrated the first bishop of the South Saxons. [23]
771 King Offa of Mercia defeats the Haestingas and adds their kingdom to the Kingdom of Sussex. [24]

9th century

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Tombstone of Æthelwulf of Wessex, buried in 858 at Steyning
Year Date Event Reference
c.827 Sussex annexed by Kingdom of Wessex [25]
828 Historia Brittonum is written, which refers to the "Night of the Long Knives" in which Sussex is ceded by sub-Roman authorities to Saxons.
839 Æthelstan becomes "King of the Dwellers in Kent, of the East Saxons, of the South Saxons and of Surrey" on the authority of his father, Æthelwulf of Wessex. [26]
858 Æthelwulf of Wessex buried at Steyning. [27]
860 Æthelberht of Wessex becomes king of Wessex. Sussex, together with Essex, Kent and Surrey, is fully subsumed as part of this kingdom. [28][29]
885 King Alfred meets his biographer, Asser, for the first time at Alfred's royal estate at Dean in Sussex. [30]

10th century

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Year Date Event Reference
After 915 The Burghal Hidage lists five burhs (fortified towns or forts) in Sussex at Chichester, Burpham, Lewes, Hastings and Eorpeburnan

[31]

927 Æthelstan styles himself as King of the English, becoming the first king to do so.
930 3 April England-wide Royal Council (Witenagemot) takes place at Lyminster, included King Æthelstan and his councillors. [32][33]
994 Vikings commanded by Olaf Tryggvason and Sweyn Forkbeard raid the coast of Sussex. [34]

11th century

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Scene from the Bayeux Tapestry depicting the death of King Harold at the Battle of Hastings
Year Date Event Reference
1011 The last Viking raid on Sussex takes place at Hastings. Later in the same year, Sussex is ruled by the Danes [35]
1049 Sweyn Godwinson abducts his cousin Beorn at Bosham and later murders him. [36]
1064 Harold Godwinson sets sail for Normandy from Bosham. [37]
1066 September William of Normandy lands at Pevensey. [38]
1066 14 October Battle of Hastings at Senlac Hill. [39]
1075 The Council of London decrees that the bishopric for Sussex should be moved from Selsey Abbey to a new cathedral at Chichester. [40]
1088 Rebellion of 1088: William II captures the rebel leader Odo of Bayeux in a six-week siege at Pevensey Castle. [41]
1090 First mention of Church in the wood Hollington, Saint Leonards on Sea

12th century

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The coat of arms of Hastings, shows a motif that features widely in the heraldry of the Cinque Ports
Year Date Event Reference
1107 Henry I of England grants Bishop Ralph de Luffa the right to hold a fair in Chichester, which becomes known as the Sloe Fair. [42]
1108 Chichester Cathedral is consecrated under Bishop Ralph de Luffa. [40]
1139 Siege of Arundel - part of the events of the Anarchy. [43]
1155 Earliest known charter of the Cinque Ports, included Hastings and later Rye, Winchelsea and Seaford. [44]
1187 Fire destroys Chichester Cathedral and much of the city of Chichester. [45][46][47]
1194 While Richard the Lionheart is held captive in France, King John's forces lay siege to Chichester Castle. [48]
1199 Chichester Cathedral is re-consecrated under Bishop Seffrid II. [46][47]

13th century

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A medieval wall painting of St Richard of Chichester
Year Date Event Reference
1208 King John confiscates Bramber Castle from the de Braose family, after suspecting them of treachery. [48]
1215 22 January While King John visits Knepp Castle for 4 days, confederated barons assemble in London to determine how best to check the career of this vicious king. [49]
1216 in part of the First Barons' War, Rye and Winchelsea open their gates to Prince Louis of France in an unsuccessful bid to take the crown from the hated King John [50]
1216 Chichester Castle is attacked and occupied by Prince Louis of France. [48]
1217 A force of Wealdsmen led by William of Cassingham ambushes Prince Louis of France and his men at Lewes, pursuing them to Winchelsea. [51]
1225 Chichester Castle is demolished so that it cannot be used again by French forces [50]
1250-1262 The Rape of Chichester is created, the last of Sussex's six sub-divisions, known as Rapes. [52]
1262 Pope Urban IV canonises St Richard of Chichester, former bishop of Chichester and now Sussex's patron saint. [53]
1264 14 May Battle of Lewes
1287 February Old Winchelsea completely destroyed by flood. [54]

14th century

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Bodiam Castle was constructed in 1385
Year Date Event Reference
1315 The Great Famine of 1315–17 brings a relatively large increase in mortality in Sussex and across much of northern Europe. [55]
1336 Edward III decides to site the county court for Sussex at Chichester. [56]
1338 Start of the English Channel naval campaign, part of the Hundred Years' War, saw the unwalled Hastings burnt to the ground. [57]
1348 Over the next 20 years the Black Death kills perhaps half of the population of Sussex. [58]
1350 29 August Battle of Winchelsea [59]
1353 Chichester is named as the staple port for Sussex in the Statute of the Staple. [56]
1377 10 December Bishop William Reade receives permission to fortify Amberley Castle. [60]
1381 Peasants' Revolt: people from Sussex participate in riots in London; Lewes Castle is sacked; [61][62][63]
1385 Work begins on Bodiam Castle [64]

15th century

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Year Date Event Reference
1406 James I of Scotland is imprisoned in Pevensey Castle, where Henry IV of England provided for his education. [65]
1419 Joan of Navarre, dowager Queen of England, is imprisoned in Pevensey Castle for the next three years after her step-son Henry V accuses her of planning to destroy the king by sorcery [66]
1450 June Rebels involved in Jack Cade's Rebellion assemble outside London. [67]
1450 12 July Jack Cade fatally wounded at Cade Street. [67][68]
1451 Easter week John and William Merfold indicted after publicly inciting the killing of the nobility, clergy, the deposition of King Henry VI and advocating rule by common people. [67]

16th century

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Depiction of martyrdom of Richard Woodman and nine others who were burned in Lewes
Year Date Event Reference
1504 A statute is passed to alternate the court of the High Sheriff of Sussex between Chichester and Lewes. [69]
1538 20 December Shrine of St Richard destroyed following a royal order from Henry VIII. [70]
1545 20 July After the Battle of the Solent, the French Navy landed at Brighton and Newhaven but is repulsed. [71]
1555-1557 As part of the Marian Persecutions, a significant number of men are martyred for their Protestant faith, including 17 men burnt alive in Lewes. [72]
c.1562 First Huguenot community arrived at Rye, arriving at Winchelsea the following year. [73]
1588 1 October Ralph Crockett and Edward James executed in Chichester for being Catholic priests. [74][75]

17th century

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Steel engraving of scene from Battle of Beachy Head
Year Date Event Reference
1611 24 March The first known reference to cricket being played by adults is recorded at Sidlesham on the Manhood peninsula. [76][77][78]
1611 First recorded use of the emblem of Sussex in John Speed's Theatrum Imperii Maganae Britanniae [79]
1624 10 September Jasper Vinall becomes the first person recorded to have died as a result of an incident in a game of cricket [80]
1642 December English Civil War: Battle of Muster Green in Haywards Heath results in the deaths or fleeing of 200 Royalists [81]
1642 22–27 December English Civil War: Siege of Chichester [82]
1643 14 April -
1 May		 English Civil War: Siege of Arundel Castle [83]
1643 13 December English Civil War: Battle of Bramber Bridge
1643-1644 19 December 1643 – 6 January 1644 English Civil War: Siege of Arundel
1655 George Fox preaches at Ifield and as a result the first weekly Quaker meeting in Sussex is held; the first Quaker Friends meeting house in Sussex is built in 1676. [84]
1690 10 July Battle of Beachy Head. [85]

18th century

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Henry Pelham, who became the British Prime Minister in 1743
Year Date Event Reference
1743 27 August Henry Pelham, one of the two MPs elected to the county of Sussex constituency, becomes Prime Minister of Great Britain. [86]
1745 Sussex Weekly Advertiser first published. [87]
1748 February The brutal murders take place of William Galley and Daniel Chater by the Hawkhurst Gang of smugglers. [88]
1749 16 January At a special Assize in Chichester, seven men were convicted of smuggling and their part in murders carried out by the Hawkhurst Gang. [89][88]
1768 19 February Thomas Paine moves to Lewes, where he develops his political ideas, particularly as part of the Headstrong Club. [90]
1794 Sussex Yeomanry founded when there was a threat of invasion in the Napoleonic Wars. [91]

19th century

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Brighton's Chain Pier, Sussex's earliest pier, was built in 1823. Painting Chain Pier, Brighton by John Constable, 1827
 
The Skeleton Army rioting in Worthing in 1884
Year Date Event Reference
1801 27 November Prince Augustus Frederick becomes Duke of Sussex [92]
1804 3 June Birth of Richard Cobden, statesman and co-founder of the Anti-Corn Law League [93][94]
1804 Charles Lennox, 4th Duke of Richmond, gets royal permission for the title 'Sussex' to be transferred from the 25th Regiment of Foot to the 35th (Royal Sussex) Regiment of Foot. This regiment was replaced by the Royal Sussex Regiment 180 years later in 1881. [95]
1813 Ashburnham blast furnace is closed, the last in the Weald as iron production is produced more cheaply in the Midlands and the north of England using coke. [96]
1822 Gideon Mantell discovers dinosaur teeth in Tilgate Forest that he later names as a new genus of dinosaur found 'iguanadon', the second named genus of dinosaur.
1823 Sussex's first pier, the Chain Pier, is built in Brighton. [97]
1828 11 June Sussex County Hospital (now Royal Sussex County Hospital) opens in Brighton

[98]

1830 Captain Swing riots take place across Sussex and England. [99]
1832 The Petworth Emigration Scheme is set up by the Earl of Egremont. Over the next five years around 1,800 working-class people from Sussex and neighbouring counties emigrate to Upper Canada to escape poverty. [100]
1835 John Sparshott is hanged in Horsham, becoming the second to last person in England to be put to death for homosexuality [101]
1836 27 December Lewes avalanche kills 8 people. [102]
1837 27 March Death of Maria Fitzherbert, longtime companion of the future King George IV of the United Kingdom at her home in Steine House, Brighton. [103]
1839 1 March Sussex County Cricket Club formed, the first county cricket club. [104]
1840 11 May The first railway line in Sussex, from Brighton to Shoreham opens. [105]
1853 Lewes Prison, the local prison for male prisoners in Sussex, is opened. [106]
1861 25 August Clayton Tunnel rail crash results in 23 deaths.
1864 25 July Ebernoe Horn Fair is revived after a long lapse.
1865 The County of Sussex Act 1865 confirms the sub-division of Sussex into east and west areas for purposes of administration. [107]
1884 Skeleton Army riots in Worthing [108]
1889 County Councils were established for Sussex's eastern and western divisions.
1893 An outbreak of typhoid fever in Worthing results in 188 fatalities. [109]
1894 Administration of the south of Tunbridge Wells and south of Lamberhurst is transferred to Kent County Council [110][111]
1896 The National Trust acquires its first property, Alfriston Clergy House in Alfriston. [112]

20th century

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Danny House in Hurstpierpoint, where the terms of the armistice to be offered to Germany were agreed in 1918
Year Date Event Reference
1907 "Sussex by the Sea", written by William Ward-Higgs from his South Bersted home, is published for the first time. [113]
1910 An airfield is established at Shoreham Airport making it one of the world's first airports. [114]
1916 24 March Without warning a German submarine mistakenly torpedoes the SS Sussex, a cross-channel ferry, 13 miles (21 km) south of Dungeness resulting in 80 deaths. [115]
1916 30 June Battle of the Boar's Head, known as "the Day Sussex Died" [116]
1918 13 October At a meeting at Danny House in Hurstpierpoint, the Imperial War Cabinet agrees terms of the armistice to be offered to Germany at the end of World War I. [117]
1925 The Administration of Estates Act 1925 abolishes the custom of 'borough English' or ultimogentiture, a practice that prevailed more extensively in Sussex than elsewhere in England.
1926 11 May Angry confrontations known as Battle of Lewes Road take place in Brighton during the 1926 United Kingdom general strike.
1934 9 October Fascists and anti-Fascists clash at the Battle of South Street in Worthing. [118]
1940 September Operation Sea Lion planned by Nazi Germany to land on the Sussex coast and part of the coast of Kent and invade the United Kingdom. [119]
1940 German air raids on Sussex begin, those in Brighton being known as the Brighton Blitz.
1942 Dieppe Raid launched from Newhaven. [120]
1943 Deception plan Operation Fortitude launched to convince Nazis that invasion would come from First United States Army Group based in Sussex and Kent to invade the Pas-de-Calais department of northern France. [121]
1944 Ports of Shoreham and Newhaven used as embarkation points for the D-Day landings. [122][123]
1945 8 May VE Day marks the end of the war in Europe. [124]
1945 15 August VJ Day marks the end of World War II. [125]
1946 7 September Teddy Donaldson establishes a new official airspeed world record of 615.78 mph (991.00 km/h; 535.10 kn) in a Gloster Meteor F.4 over Littlehampton. [126]
1946 New Towns Act 1946 designates Crawley as the site of a new town. [127]
1953 7 September Neville Duke establishes a new official world air speed record of 727.63 mph (1,171.01 km/h), flying Hunter WB188. [128]
1961 August Charter granted to the University of Sussex, the first university in Sussex. [129]
1962 Chichester Festival Theatre opens. [130]
1965 14 June Bishop David Cashman is made the first bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Arundel and Brighton. [131]
1966 Sussex Downs Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty was designated; it was revoked in 2010 upon the establishment of the South Downs National Park.
1967 The first Brighton Festival and Brighton Fringe are held
1967 The first South of England Show is held at Ardingly. [132]
1967 4 November Iberia Flight 062 crashes into the southern slope of Blackdown killing all 37 people on board [133]
1968 Sussex Police is formed. [134]
1970 A team at the Institute of Development Studies and the Science Policy Research Unit at the University of Sussex publishes the Sussex Manifesto at the request of the United Nations.
1971 Chichester Harbour Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty is set up by an Act of Parliament.
1972 July The South Downs Way is established as Sussex's first National Trail and the UK's first long-distance bridleway. [135]
1972 October Sussex Gay Liberation Front holds a demonstration in favour of gay rights, a precursor to the annual Brighton Pride event [136]
1974 As part of the Local Government Act 1972 the Lord Lieutenancy of Sussex replaced with one each for East and West Sussex which are made ceremonial counties. [137]
1980 Wilton Park is used as a venue for South African leaders including Jacob Zuma and the ruling National Party to meet behind closed doors. [138]
1982 At a meeting of the International Whaling Commission in Brighton, delegates vote for a moratorium on commercial whaling. [139]
1983 22 October BBC Radio Brighton is relaunched as BBC Radio Sussex. [140]
1983 28 October High Weald Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty is confirmed. [141]
1983 The Sussex Border Path is devised. The main path is 222 km (138 mi) long and stays close to Sussex's borders with Hampshire, Surrey and Kent, connecting Thorney Island to Rye. [142]
1984 12 October Brighton bombing assassination attempt on Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher [143]

21st century

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The South Downs was designated a national park on 1 April 2010
Year Date Event Reference
2000 Brighton and Hove is granted city status, becoming Sussex's second city
Sir Charles Burrell, 10th Baronet begins the process of rewilding land at what went on to become Knepp Wildland, the first lowland rewilding project in England [144]
2002 7 October Piers Sellers becomes the first native of Sussex to journey into outer space. [145]
2003 Thousands of Chagossians settle in Crawley following their earlier forced eviction by the UK Government from Diego Garcia in the Indian Ocean [146]
2005 5 December The first civil partnership formed under the Civil Partnership Act 2004 takes place between Matthew Roche and Christopher Cramp at St Barnabas Hospice, Worthing [147]
2007 16 June Sussex Day, Sussex's county day is celebrated for the first time. [148]
2009 14 March Finance ministers and central bankers of the G20 meet at South Lodge Hotel in Lower Beeding in advance of the 2009 G20 London summit.
2011 1 April South Downs National Park becomes fully operational. [149]
20 May Flag of Sussex registered by Flag Institute. [150]
2012 21 November Katy Bourne is elected as the first Sussex Police and Crime Commissioner [151]
2013 Summer Protests against fracking take place in Balcombe [152]
21 November Beachy Head West, Kingmere and Pagham Harbour are made the first Marine Conservation Zones in Sussex waters. [153]
2014 UNESCO designates land between the Rivers Adur and Ouse to be the Brighton and Lewes Downs Biosphere Reserve, Sussex's first UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. [154]
2015 22 August A Hawker Hunter T7 military aircraft participating in the Shoreham Airshow crashes onto the A27 dual carriageway outside of Shoreham Airport, killing 11 people and injuring 16 others. [155]
15 December Timothy Peake becomes the first British European Space Agency astronaut as well as the first person from Sussex to board the International Space Station.
2016 May The South Downs National Park is granted International Dark Sky Reserve status, to restrict artificial light pollution above the park; it is the second such area in England and the 11th in the world. [156]
23 June The people of Sussex vote to leave the EU by a margin of 50.23% to 49.77% or 4,413 votes in the referendum on UK membership of the EU. [157][158]
2018 The Rampion Wind Farm becomes operational, a wind farm that lies off the Sussex coast between Worthing and Seaford. [159]
3 October Prince Harry and Meghan Markle make their first official visit to Sussex as Duke and Duchess of Sussex [160]
2019 31 May DEFRA designate "Selsey Bill and the Hounds" as a Marine Conservation Zone. The zone is an inshore site which covers an area of approximately 16 square kilometres (6.2 sq mi) and is located by the town of Selsey. The site adjoins the Bracklesham Bay Site of Special Scientific Interest. [161]
2020 6 February The first case in Sussex of COVID-19 was reported when a man who returned from Singapore and France to the Brighton on 28 January [162][163][164]
2021 March DEFRA announces a bylaw first proposed by the Sussex IFCA to prevent trawling on 304 square kilometres (117 sq mi) of sea bed off the coast of Sussex. The law should help the rewilding and regeneration of the Sussex kelp forest. [165][166][167]

See also

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References

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Bibliography

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