This is a timeline of the Commonwealth of Nations from the Balfour Declaration of 1926. Some regard the Balfour Declaration as the foundation of the modern Commonwealth.
1920s (from 1926)
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1926 | 25 October | The Balfour Declaration of 1926 establishes the principle of the separate and equal status of the dominions within the British Empire, "freely associated as members of the British Commonwealth".[1] |
| 1927 | 12 April | The Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 changes the title of the British monarch, to reflect the secession of most of historic Ireland from the United Kingdom |
1930s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1930 | 16 August | The first British Empire Games, the forerunners of the Commonwealth Games, open in Hamilton, Canada. |
| 1 October | seventh Imperial Conference convenes in London. Meeting drafts what becomes the Statute of Westminster. | |
| 1931 | 11 December | The Statute of Westminster 1931 is enacted, formalises the Balfour Declaration 1926, with the Parliament of the United Kingdom renouncing legislative power over the dominions. It is adopted by Canada, the Irish Free State, Newfoundland, and the Union of South Africa. Australia and New Zealand decline to adopt it.[1] |
| 1932 | 21 July | The British Empire Economic Conference is convened. Policy of Imperial preference adopted. |
| 1934 | 16 February | The self-government of the Dominion of Newfoundland is suspended, replaced by the Commission of Government. Newfoundland ceases to be in the Commonwealth. |
| 4 August | The second British Empire Games open in London, the United Kingdom. | |
| 1936 | 20 January | King George V dies, being succeeded by Edward VIII. |
| 10 December | King Edward VIII signs the instruments of abdication, effective the next day. | |
| 11 December | The United Kingdom passes His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 (which, at the request of those countries' Parliaments, equally applies to Australia, New Zealand, and South Africa), effecting Edward VIII's abdication and succession by George VI. Canada passes the Succession to the Throne Act to the same effect. | |
| The Constitution (Amendment No. 27) Act 1936 of the Irish Free State comes into effect, removing reference to the King in the Constitution. | ||
| 12 December | The Irish Free State passes the Executive Authority (External Relations) Act 1936, conferring statutory functions on the British monarch and recognising George VI as Edward VIII's successor, one day after the rest of the Commonwealth. | |
| 1937 | 14 May to 24 June | eighth and final Imperial Conference held in London following the coronation of King George VI; rejects concept of Imperial Federation. |
| 29 December | A new Irish constitution is promulgated establishing the state under the name 'Ireland', creating the position of President, and calling into question whether Ireland still formed part of His Majesty's dominions. | |
| 1938 | 5 February | The third British Empire Games open in Sydney, Australia. |
| 1939 | 1 September | Nazi Germany invades Poland, precipitating an ultimatum from the United Kingdom, which was ignored by Germany, leading inexorably to the Second World War. |
| 2 September | Irish Taoiseach Éamon de Valera announces his intention to remain neutral in the impending war, regardless of British policy. The government declares the Emergency. | |
| 3 September | The United Kingdom declares war upon Nazi Germany, beginning the British Empire and Commonwealth's involvement in the six-year conflict. | |
| The Australian Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942 (see below) was backdated to this date. | ||
| 4 September | South Africa's United Party refuses to accept Prime Minister Barry Hertzog's declaration of neutrality in the war, and vote to replace him as party leader with Jan Smuts. | |
| 6 September | South Africa declares war upon Nazi Germany, becoming the first dominion to do so independently of the United Kingdom. | |
| 9 September | Canada declares war upon Nazi Germany. |
1940s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1942 | 9 October | Australia passes the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1942, adopting the Statute of Westminster 1931, but back-dating it to 3 September 1939, when the United Kingdom (and therefore Australia) declared war upon Nazi Germany. |
| 1944 | 1 May | The first Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] |
| 1945 | 4 April | A Commonwealth Statesmen's Meeting convenes in London to co-ordinate members' demands and expectations of the impending end of the war. |
| 8 May | Nazi Germany surrenders to the Allied Powers, ending the Second World War in Europe. | |
| 15 August | The Empire of Japan surrenders to the Allied Powers, ending the Second World War. | |
| 1946 | 21 February | The British Commonwealth Occupation Force is formed from Australian, British, Indian, and New Zealand occupation forces in Japan. |
| 23 April | The second Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference convenes in London.[2] | |
| 1947 | 3 February | In response to Canada's passage the previous year of the Canadian Citizenship Act the previous year, a Commonwealth conference on nationality and citizenship is convened. It is agreed to redefine the concept of citizenship in the Commonwealth so that, rather than all those in the British Empire and Commonwealth being British subjects, each Commonwealth state is free to also define its own separate citizenship. As a result, the British Nationality Act 1948 is passed the next year by the British parliament which creates a distinction in that country between British citizens and British subjects; Australia and New Zealand also pass their own citizenship acts. Eventually, the category of British subject develops into that of a Commonwealth citizen whose rights are greater than those of a foreign national but often less than one of a full citizen of the country in question. Ireland had already passed citizenship legislation in 1935 defining its own citizenship laws. |
| 15 August | India joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. Pakistan (including modern Bangladesh) joins the Commonwealth following the Partition of India. | |
| 21 October | India and Pakistan begin the first Indo-Pakistani War, over the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. It is the first armed conflict between two members of the Commonwealth. | |
| 25 November | New Zealand passes the Statute of Westminster Adoption Act 1947. | |
| 1948 | 4 February | Ceylon (modern-day Sri Lanka) joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. |
| 16 June | Three European plantation managers are killed in Perak, sparking the Malayan Emergency, leading to deployment of Commonwealth soldiers to Malaya. | |
| 11 October | The third Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] | |
| 31 December | India and Pakistan sign a cease-fire, ending the first Indo-Pakistani War. | |
| 1949 | 31 March | Newfoundland, a Dominion until 1934, joins Canada as a province. |
| 18 April | Ireland ceases to be regarded as a member of the Commonwealth by the Commonwealth countries. They took this view on the basis that the Republic of Ireland Act 1948 had come into effect. The legislation ended the statutory role of the British monarchy in Ireland. In contrast, Irish leaders had long regarded Ireland as a republic outside the Commonwealth but associated with it. | |
| 22 April | The fourth Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] The agenda is dominated by the imminence of India becoming a republic and its future within the Commonwealth. | |
| 28 April | The Commonwealth Heads of Government issue the London Declaration. It allows India (and, thenceafter, all other members) to remain in the Commonwealth as a republic, creates the position of Head of the Commonwealth, and changes the name of the organisation to the Commonwealth of Nations. The decisions of the 1947 Commonwealth ministerial conference on nationality and citizenship are affirmed which allow states to create their own citizenship rules. Indians are agreed to be recognised as Commonwealth citizens, rather than British subjects, once India becomes a republic. |
1950s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1950 | 26 January | India becomes a republic, being the first republic in the Commonwealth of Nations. |
| 4 February | The fourth British Empire Games open in Auckland, New Zealand. These would be the last under that name. | |
| 1951 | 4 January | The fifth Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] |
| 28 July | The 1st Commonwealth Division is created to amalgamate Australian, British, Canadian, Indian, and New Zealand forces engaged in the Korean War. | |
| 1952 | 6 February | George VI dies, being succeeded as monarch of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Ceylon, Pakistan and South Africa by Elizabeth II, as well as Head of the Commonwealth. |
| 28 April | The British Commonwealth Occupation Force is officially disbanded, having transferred control of Far Eastern forces to British Commonwealth Forces Korea. | |
| 20 October | Sir Evelyn Baring, Governor of Kenya, declares a state of emergency, recognising the severity of the Mau Mau Uprising. | |
| 28 November | Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Economic Conference convenes in London to discuss proposals to expand trade within the Commonwealth. | |
| 1953 | 3 June | The sixth Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] |
| 1954 | 30 July | The British Empire Games are renamed the 'British Empire and Commonwealth Games', with the opening of the 1954 Games in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. |
| 1955 | 26 January | The seventh Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] |
| 1956 | 27 June | The eighth Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] |
| 1957 | 6 March | Ghana, previously the Gold Coast, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom, becoming the first majority-ruled African member. |
| 26 June | The ninth Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London. The new Canadian prime minister, John Diefenbaker, proposes the intensification of trade relations within the Commonwealth. His call for an Empire Trade Conference are resisted by the British government which has an eye towards the UK developing stronger trade relations with Europe and the newly formed European Economic Community. However, a Commonwealth Trade and Economic Conference is called for the next year.[2] | |
| 31 August | The Federation of Malaya joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. It is the first monarchy in the Commonwealth except for the Commonwealth realms.[3] | |
| 1958 | 3 January | The Federation of the West Indies is formed from the British West Indies as a self-governing colony. |
| 30 July | The 1958 British Empire and Commonwealth Games open in Cardiff, the United Kingdom. | |
| 28 September | The Commonwealth Trade and Economic Conference concludes with a communique agreeing that the pound sterling should be made fully convertible and that trade barriers within the Commonwealth should be progressively removed |
1960s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 3 February | British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan issues his 'Wind of Change' speech to the Parliament of South Africa. |
| 3 May | The tenth Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London; Malaya demands South Africa's expulsion from the Commonwealth due to its racial policies.[2] | |
| 1 October | Nigeria joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1961 | 8 March | The 11th Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] South Africa's application to request to remain in the Commonwealth upon becoming a republic is rejected due to the country's policy of apartheid. |
| 13 March | Cyprus joins the Commonwealth,[4] having gained independence from the United Kingdom the previous year. Heavily opposed by the United Kingdom, it is the first small country to join.[3] | |
| 27 April | Sierra Leone joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 31 May | South Africa becomes a republic, temporarily withdrawing from the Commonwealth. | |
| 9 December | Tanganyika, now part of Tanzania, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1962 | 31 May | The Federation of the West Indies collapses. Its constituent states revert to being colonies of the United Kingdom, and preparations begin to grant them separate independence within the Commonwealth. |
| 6 August | Jamaica joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 31 August | Trinidad and Tobago joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 10 September | The 12th Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London. Concerns of Commonwealth countries about the implications for trade and economic relations in regards to Britain's possible entry into the European Common Market is the main topic of discussion.[2] | |
| 9 October | Uganda joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 22 November | The 1962 British Empire and Commonwealth Games open in Perth, Australia. | |
| 1963 | 10 December | Zanzibar, now part of Tanzania, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. It is, albeit briefly, the first hereditary monarchy in the Commonwealth except for the Commonwealth realms. |
| 12 December | Kenya joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1964 | 26 April | Two Commonwealth members, Tanganyika and Zanzibar, merge to form the United Republic of Tanzania, which joins the Commonwealth. |
| 6 July | Malawi, previously Nyasaland, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 8 July | The 13th Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London. The leaders agree to a communique declaring the Commonwealth's commitment to racial equality and an end to discrimination. The idea of a Commonwealth Secretariat is proposed. The government of the colony of Southern Rhodesia, whose prime ministers had frequently attended Imperial and Commonwealth conferences since 1930, is excluded due to a decision to confine attendance at meetings to leaders of independent states.[2] | |
| 21 September | Malta joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 24 October | Zambia, previously Northern Rhodesia, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1965 | 18 February | The Gambia joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. |
| 17 June | The 14th Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] The Conference approves the creation of the Commonwealth Secretariat. The meeting also discusses the crisis in Rhodesia, relations with South Africa and Portuguese colonies in Africa, and opposition by Asian and African Commonwealth countries to British, Australian and New Zealand's support for American intervention in the Vietnam War. The Commonwealth reaffirms its declaration that all Commonwealth states should work for societies based on racial equality. | |
| 1 July | The Commonwealth Secretariat is founded. The first Secretary-General is Canada's Arnold Smith. | |
| 9 August | Singapore joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by Malaysia. | |
| 15 August | India and Pakistan begin the second Indo-Pakistani War, over the princely state of Kashmir and Jammu. | |
| 23 September | India and Pakistan sign a cease-fire, ending the second Indo-Pakistani War. | |
| 11 November | Rhodesia issues a Unilateral Declaration of Independence, which is rejected by the United Kingdom, sparking a 15-year crisis in the Commonwealth.[5] | |
| 12 December | The United Kingdom imposes full economic sanctions on Rhodesia.[5] | |
| 1966 | 10 January | The 15th Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in Lagos, Nigeria to discuss the Rhodesian crisis. It was the first Conference held outside London.[2] |
| 10 March | The Commonwealth Secretariat Act 1966 is passed, coming into effect retroactively on 1 July 1965, the date of the Secretariat's foundation, granting the Secretariat legal immunity in the United Kingdom. | |
| 26 May | Guyana, previously British Guiana, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 4 August | The 1966 British Empire and Commonwealth Games open in Kingston, Jamaica. It was the first time the Games were held outside the so-called 'White Commonwealth', and the last time the Games included the British Empire in their name. | |
| 6 September | The 16th Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London.[2] Discussion is again dominated by Rhodesia with the United Kingdom announcing NIBMAR policy towards the rogue colony: refusing independence until the Black majority is given the vote. | |
| 30 September | Botswana,formerly Bechuanaland Protectorate, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 4 October | Lesotho, formerly Basutoland, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 30 November | Barbados joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1968 | 31 January | Nauru joins the Commonwealth as a 'Special Member' upon being granted independence from a joint Australia-New Zealand-United Kingdom trusteeship. It is the first microstate to join.[3] |
| 12 March | Mauritius joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 6 September | Swaziland joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1969 | 7 January | The 17th and last Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference convenes in London and is again dominated by discussion of how to bring white minority rule in Rhodesia to an end. Also discussed is the Biafra crisis in Nigeria and discrimination against South Asian communities living in Africa and Black and Asian immigrants living in the UK.[2] |
1970s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1970 | 2 March | Rhodesia declares itself a republic and a new constitution takes effect.[5] |
| 4 June | Tonga joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1 July | Arnold Smith begins his second term as Commonwealth Secretary-General. | |
| 16 July | The 1970 British Commonwealth Games open in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom. It was the first time the Games use the metric system. | |
| 28 August | Western Samoa joins the Commonwealth, having gained independence from New Zealand in 1962. | |
| 10 October | Dominion of Fiji joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1971 | 14 January | The first Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Singapore.[2] |
| 22 January | At the conclusion of the first CHOGM, the assembled Commonwealth Heads of Government issue the Singapore Declaration, setting out the core political values of the Commonwealth. It is considered, along with the 1991 Harare Declaration, one of the two most important documents of the Commonwealth's constitution. | |
| 26 March | East Pakistan declares its independence as Bangladesh. | |
| 3 December | India intervenes in Bangladesh, sparking the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. | |
| 16 December | Pakistan surrenders to India, ending the war. | |
| 1972 | 18 April | Bangladesh joins the Commonwealth, having gained independence from Pakistan the previous year.[6] Pakistan temporarily withdraws from the Commonwealth in protest at the Commonwealth's recognition of Bangladesh's independence. |
| 1973 | 10 July | The Bahamas joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. |
| 2 August | The second Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.[2] | |
| 1974 | 24 January | The 1974 British Commonwealth Games open in Christchurch, New Zealand. It is the last time that the Games' name includes reference to "British". |
| 7 February | Grenada joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1975 | 29 April | The third Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Kingston, Jamaica.[2] |
| 1 July | Guyana's Shridath Ramphal succeeds Arnold Smith as Commonwealth Secretary-General. | |
| 16 September | Papua New Guinea joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by Australia. | |
| 1976 | 29 June | Seychelles joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. |
| 1977 | 8 June | The fourth Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in London, the United Kingdom.[2] |
| 1978 | 7 July | The Solomon Islands joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. |
| 3 August | The 1978 Commonwealth Games open in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. It is the first time that the Games are held under the current name. | |
| 1 October | Tuvalu joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 3 November | Dominica joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1979 | 12 July | Kiribati joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. |
| 1 August | The fifth Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Lusaka, Zambia.[2] | |
| 7 August | At the conclusion of the fifth CHOGM, the assembled Commonwealth Heads of Government issue the Lusaka Declaration, reaffirming the Commonwealth's opposition to racism and demanding legal equality for all people of the Commonwealth. | |
| 27 October | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 12 December | Zimbabwe Rhodesia dissolves itself, returning power to the United Kingdom (formally as Southern Rhodesia) in preparation for recognised independence.[5] | |
| 21 December | The Lancaster House Agreement is reached, setting the terms of independence for Southern Rhodesia.[5] |
1980s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1980 | 1 July | Shridath Ramphal begins his second term as Commonwealth Secretary-General. |
| 1 October | Zimbabwe, formerly Southern Rhodesia and Rhodesia, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 30 July | Vanuatu, formerly the New Hebrides, joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence from a joint France-United Kingdom condominium. | |
| 1981 | 21 September | Belize joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. |
| 30 September | The sixth Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Melbourne, Australia.[2] | |
| 1 November | Antigua and Barbuda joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. | |
| 1982 | 30 September | The 1982 Commonwealth Games open in Brisbane, Australia. |
| 9 July | Maldives joins the Commonwealth as a 'Special Member', having been granted independence by the United Kingdom in 1965.[7] | |
| 1983 | 19 September | Saint Kitts and Nevis joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. |
| 23 November | The seventh Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in New Delhi, India.[2] | |
| 1984 | 1 January | Brunei joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by the United Kingdom. |
| 1985 | 1 July | Shridath Ramphal begins his third term as Commonwealth Secretary-General. He becomes the first, and (so far) only, Secretary-General to serve three terms. |
| 20 July | Maldives becomes a full member of the Commonwealth, having joined as a 'Special Member' in 1982.[7] | |
| 16 October | The eighth Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Nassau, The Bahamas.[2] | |
| 1986 | 24 July | The 1986 Commonwealth Games open in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom. The Games are boycotted by 32 countries, including almost all African, Caribbean, and Asian nations, to protest against the British government's attitude to sport in apartheid-era South Africa. |
| 3 August | The ninth Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in London, the United Kingdom. | |
| 1987 | 13 October | The tenth Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. It is the first meeting held outside the host country's capital city.[2] |
| 15 October | Fiji is deemed to have left the Commonwealth of Nations by decision of the assembled Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, after two coups d'état, and Sitiveni Rabuka's declaration of a republic in Fiji. | |
| 1989 | 29 September | Cameroon applies for observer status in the Commonwealth, paving the way for its membership six years later.[8] |
| 1 October | Pakistan returns to the Commonwealth. | |
| 18 October | The 11th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[2] | |
| 21 October | At the conclusion of the eleventh CHOGM, the assembled Commonwealth Heads of Government issue the Langkawi Declaration, committing Commonwealth members to environmental sustainability. |
1990s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 24 January | The 1990 Commonwealth Games open in Auckland, New Zealand. |
| 21 March | Namibia joins the Commonwealth upon being granted independence by South Africa. | |
| 1 July | Nigeria's Chief Emeka Anyaoku succeeds Shridath Ramphal as Commonwealth Secretary-General. | |
| 1991 | 16 October | The 12th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Harare, Zimbabwe.[2] |
| 20 October | At the conclusion of the twelfth CHOGM, the assembled Commonwealth Heads of Government issue the Harare Declaration, establishing the core principles and values of the Commonwealth, detailing membership criteria, and redefining and reinforcing its purpose. It is considered, along with the 1971 Singapore Declaration, one of the two most important documents of the Commonwealth's constitution. | |
| 1993 | 21 October | The 13th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Limassol, Cyprus.[2] |
| 1994 | 1 June | South Africa returns to the Commonwealth, albeit, as a republic in the Commonwealth of Nations. |
| 18 August | The 1994 Commonwealth Games open in Victoria, Canada. The event marked South Africa's return to the Games after a 36 years absence. | |
| 1995 | 1 July | Chief Emeka Anyaoku begins his second term as Commonwealth Secretary-General. |
| 10 November | The 14th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Auckland, New Zealand.[2] | |
| 12 November | The assembled Commonwealth Heads of Government agree to the Millbrook Commonwealth Action Programme on the Harare Declaration, designed to implement the Harare Declaration's affirmation of the Commonwealth's principles and membership criteria. | |
| 13 November | Cameroon joins the Commonwealth, having been granted independence by France in 1960, and joined by the former British colony of Southern Cameroons in 1961.[8] | |
| Mozambique joins the Commonwealth. It is the first country to join the Commonwealth without having had constitutional ties to an existing member.[9] | ||
| 1997 | 1 October | Fiji returns to the Commonwealth, having adopted a new constitution that complies with Commonwealth standards. |
| 24 October | The 15th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Edinburgh, the United Kingdom.[2] | |
| 27 October | At the conclusion of the 15th CHOGM, the assembled Commonwealth Heads of Government issue the Edinburgh Declaration, codifying the Commonwealth's membership criteria. | |
| 1998 | 11 September | The 1998 Commonwealth Games open in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It is the first Games to be held in Asia, and the first to be held outside the so-called 'White Commonwealth' since 1966. |
| 1999 | 29 May | The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group lifts Nigeria's suspension from the Commonwealth.[10] |
| 18 October | The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group suspends Pakistan from the Commonwealth with immediate effect.[11] | |
| 12 November | The 16th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Durban, South Africa.[2] Thabo Mbeki becomes the first Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. |
2000s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 1 April | New Zealand's Don McKinnon succeeds Chief Emeka Anyaoku as Commonwealth Secretary-General.[12] |
| 6 June | The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group partially suspends Fiji from the Commonwealth with immediate effect.[12] | |
| 2001 | 28 September | The Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting that was due to convene on 6 October is cancelled in the aftermath of the 11 September terrorist attacks on the United States.[13] |
| 6 October | The 17th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was due to convene in Brisbane, Australia.[13] | |
| 20 December | The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group lifts Fiji's suspension from the Commonwealth, but keeps it on the agenda until the Supreme Court rules on the government's constitutionality.[14] | |
| 2002 | 30 January | The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group approves Pervez Musharraf's roadmap for the October general election.[14] |
| 2 March | The 17th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Coolum, Australia.[2] John Howard becomes Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. | |
| 19 March | After Commonwealth election observers report that Zimbabwe's presidential election was rife with fraud and intimidation, the troika, led by John Howard, announces Zimbabwe's immediate suspension from the Commonwealth.[14] | |
| 25 July | The 2002 Commonwealth Games open in Manchester, the United Kingdom. | |
| 2003 | 5 December | The 18th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Abuja, Nigeria.[2] Olusegun Obasanjo becomes Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. |
| New Zealand's Don McKinnon is re-elected as Commonwealth Secretary-General in a surprise competitive election by forty votes to eleven against Sri Lanka's Lakshman Kadirgamar.[15] | ||
| 7 December | Robert Mugabe personally announces Zimbabwe's immediate withdrawal from the Commonwealth, in wake of his failure to have his country's suspension lifted.[15] | |
| 8 December | At the conclusion of the 18th CHOGM, the assembled Commonwealth Heads of Government issue the Aso Rock Declaration, reaffirming the Commonwealth's commitment to the Harare Declaration.[16] | |
| 2004 | 1 April | Don McKinnon begins his second term as Commonwealth Secretary-General. |
| 22 May | The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group lifts Pakistan's suspension from the Commonwealth with immediate effect.[17] | |
| 2005 | 7 April | The International Organisations Act 2005 is passed in the United Kingdom, amending the Commonwealth Secretariat Act 1966.[18] |
| 25 November | The 19th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Valletta, Malta.[2] Lawrence Gonzi becomes Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. | |
| 2006 | 15 March | The 2006 Commonwealth Games open in Melbourne, Australia. |
| 8 December | The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group suspends Fiji from the Commonwealth with immediate effect.[19] | |
| 2007 | 24 October | The Committee on Commonwealth Membership makes recommendations on changes to the membership criteria of the Commonwealth. |
| 22 November | The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group suspends Pakistan from the Commonwealth with immediate effect.[20] | |
| 23 November | The 20th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Kampala, Uganda.[2] Yoweri Museveni becomes Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. | |
| 2008 | 1 April | India's Kamalesh Sharma succeeds Don McKinnon as Commonwealth Secretary-General.[21] |
| 22 May | The Commonwealth Ministerial Action Group lifts Pakistan's suspension from the Commonwealth with immediate effect.[21] | |
| 2009 | 1 September | Fiji's suspension is increased to a full suspension, following a failure to commit to the restoration of electoral government by 2010. |
| 27 November | The 21st Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago.[2] Patrick Manning becomes Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. Rwanda is admitted to the Commonwealth. |
2010s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2010 | 26 May | Kamla Persad-Bissessar becomes Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, and thus succeeds Patrick Manning as Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office.[22] |
| October | The 2010 Commonwealth Games are held in Delhi, India. | |
| 2011 | 28 October | The 22nd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Perth, Australia.
Julia Gillard becomes Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. Meeting leads to Perth Agreement in which amendmented the rules to the royal succession laws, namely, replacing male-preference primogeniture with absolute primogeniture and ending the disqualification of those married to Roman Catholics. |
| 2013 | October | The Gambia withdrew from the Commonwealth by decree of Yahya Jammeh. |
| November | The 23rd Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Colombo, Sri Lanka. Mahinda Rajapaksa becomes Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. | |
| 2014 | July–August | The 2014 Commonwealth Games are held in Glasgow, Scotland |
| 2015 | January | Maithripala Sirisena becomes President of Sri Lanka, after the 2 year early 2015 Sri Lankan Presidential Election and thus succeeds Mahinda Rajapaksa as Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. |
| November | The 24th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in Malta. Joseph Muscat becomes Commonwealth Chairperson-in-Office. | |
| 2016 | October | The Maldives withdrew from the Commonwealth. |
| 2017 | The Gambia begins the process of returning to the Commonwealth under the new Gambian Government of President Adama Barrow. | |
| The offer to host the 25th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, originally scheduled to be held in Vanuatu is rescinded, after Cyclone Pam devastated the country's infrastructure in March 2015. 2019 Meeting to be hosted in Malaysia is moved to 2020. | ||
| 2018 | February | The Gambia was readmitted to the Commonwealth. |
| April | The rescheduled 25th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting convenes in London, United Kingdom, after Vanuatu's offer to host in 2018 is rescinded due to Cyclone Pam devastated the country's infrastructure in March 2015. Charles, Prince of Wales, is selected as the third Head of the Commonwealth, to take office sometime in the future. | |
| The 2018 Commonwealth Games were held in Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. | ||
| May | Zimbabwe applied to rejoin the Commonwealth. |
2020s
edit| Year | Date | Event |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 1 February | The Maldives returns to the Commonwealth. |
| 2021 | 30 November | Barbados becomes a republic but remains in the Commonwealth. |
| 2022 | 24–25 June | The rescheduled 26th Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting was held in Kigali. |
| 25 June | Togo and Gabon join the Commonwealth. | |
| July–August | The 2022 Commonwealth Games take place in Birmingham, England, United Kingdom, after the games were stripped from Durban, South Africa. | |
| 8 September | Queen Elizabeth II dies, being succeeded by King Charles III. |
Footnotes
edit- ^ a b Marshall, Sir Peter (September 2001). "The Balfour Formula and the Evolution of the Commonwealth". The Round Table. 90 (361): 541–53. doi:10.1080/00358530120082823. S2CID 143421201.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak "List of Meetings". Commonwealth Secretariat. Archived from the original on 19 October 2008. Retrieved 22 December 2008.
- ^ a b c McIntyre, W. David (April 2008). "The Expansion of the Commonwealth and the Criteria for Membership". Round Table. 97 (395): 273–85. doi:10.1080/00358530801962089. S2CID 219623317.
Malaya's joining as an indigenous monarchy in 1957
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The position she has inherited from former prime minister Bob Manning following the nation's hosting of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting in November, 2009.