Thomas Brady Cullinan (15 May 1906 - 11 April 1940), known professionally as Tommy Cullinan, was an Irish jockey who, in 1930, became the first to secure the unofficial Triple Crown of National Hunt racing in a single season, riding the winning horse in the Grand National, the Cheltenham Gold Cup and the Champion Hurdle.[1]
| Tommy Cullinan | |
|---|---|
 Tommy Cullinan in 1928 | |
| Occupation | |
| Born | 15 May 1906 Ennis, County Clare, Ireland |
| Died | 11 April 1940 (aged 33) Oxfordshire, United Kingdom |
| Spouse |
Noreen Stella Barlow
(m. 1936; div. 1938) |
| Major racing wins | |
Irish Grand National - 1928
| |
| Significant horses | |
Early life
editThomas Brady Cullinan was born on 15 May 1906 in Brookville, Ennis, Co. Clare, Ireland, to Frederick George Cullinan and Frances Emily Brady-Browne.[2] Cullinan's maternal uncle, Thomas Henry Brady-Browne, was Master of the Clare Hunt and an early influence on Cullinan's chosen career.[3] Cullinan began riding as an amateur jockey in the 1923 Irish National Hunt racing season aged 16. After steady progress he twice headed the list of winning amateur jockeys in both 1926 and 1927.[4][5] This success afforded Cullinan the opportunity of a professional career in England beginning in December 1927, aged 21.
Racing career
editOn Boxing Day 1927, Cullinan took his first mount as a professional jockey at Leopardstown, Dublin.[6] In the Tower Handicap Steeplechase Cullinan's new career got off to an auspicious start, riding Tiranogue to victory by half a length.[7]
On 30 March 1928, Cullinan was given the mount of American horse Billy Barton for the Grand National at Aintree in Liverpool, the first of Cullinan's seven rides in the race. Under very heavy going, Easter Hero took an early lead only to fall on the first circuit. This triggered a pile-up from which just seven of the 42 starters emerged with seated jockeys. By the penultimate fence just three remained, including Billy Barton. When Great Span also fell, Billy Barton briefly led, only to fall himself at the final fence. That left Tipperary Tim, a 100/1 outsider, to take the victory. Cullinan remounted Billy Barton and was the only other Jockey to complete the course; the fewest recorded finishers in Grand National history.[8][9]
On 9 April 1928 Cullinan was partnered with Don Sancho for the Irish Grand National at Fairyhouse, Co. Meath. Trained by Fred Witherington, Don Sancho would provide Cullinan with the first big win of his career. Under heavy going, Don Sancho was ten lengths behind the two frontrunners before the last fence. However, on the final flat Don Sancho was able to pull alongside and then take the race by a length. Cullinan's "splendid jockeyship" was praised in the sporting press.[10]
For the second year in succession, Cullinan took the mount of Billy Barton for the 1929 Grand National. Amid a record 66 starters, Billy Barton fell at the 15th fence. Coming in second behind winner Gregalach was Easter Hero.[11] In October of that year Cullinan was appointed first jockey to American owner, John Hay Whitney, whose horses - including Easter Hero - were trained under Jack Anthony at Wantage.[12] As a result, Cullinan was partnered with Easter Hero for both the Cheltenham Gold Cup and Grand National the following Spring.
At the 1930 Cheltenham Festival Cullinan was first partnered with Brown Tony - another product of Anthony's stable - for the fourth annual running of the Champion Hurdle. Brown Tony took the win ahead of favourite Cleer Cash and Peertoi, though the three horses crossing the judge's line of vision almost together. The official verdict was a head win for Brown Tony.[13]
On the same afternoon, Cullinan had the mount of Easter Hero for the Cheltenham Gold Cup. Easter Hero had been ridden by Dick Rees to a twenty-length victory in the 1929 race and would start as the 8/11 favourite. Surviving an error at the first fence, Easter Hero opened up a clear lead. However, by the penultimate fence Rees' 1930 mount Gib was neck and neck. But when Gib fell at the penultimate fence, Easter Hero was clear to take a twenty length victory, becoming the first horse to win back-to-back Gold Cups.[14] Cullinan said of his victory that:
"Easter Hero was always running and jumping very well. When Gib fell he was beaten, and I think at the time he had no chance whatever. Easter Hero was full of running when he finished."[15]
However, in claiming Gold Cup victory, Easter Hero sustained a tendon injury and had to be withdrawn from the 1930 Grand National at Aintree three days before the off. It meant that Cullinan would be unable to partner his intended mount, a race for which the duo had been the ante-post favourite after their success at Cheltenham.[16]
Cullinan was instead belatedly partnered for the 1930 Grand National with Shaun Goilin, trained by Irish trainer Frank Hartigan at Weyhill, Hampshire for owner Walter H. Midwood. It meant Cullinan would now ride against Sir Lindsay, a horse from his retained stable. Shaun Goilin's lineage was unusually vague for a throughbred, sired by an unknown horse. Nevertheless, he was well backed and started the race as the 100/8 second favourite, his price shortened due to the thousands of Irish - including a number of Catholic priests - who romantically backed the combination of Irish horse, trainer and jockey. Despite good going only five of the 41 starters of the 1930 Grand National would stay the course and the result remains among the closest finishes on record.[17] By the last fence it was a straight shootout between the leading three; Melleray's Belle, Sir Lindsay and Shaun Goilin. On the final flat a burst of speed enabled Shaun Goilin to outpace his two rivals and win by a neck in the unusually fast time of 9 minutes, 40 3/4 seconds (compared with an average for the time of over 10 minutes).[18] So close was the finish that James Mason, riding Melleray's Belle, initially thought that he had won.[19]
Interviewed after the race, Cullinan said that his horse had provided him with an "armchair journey".[18] He went on to say:
"[Shaun Goilin] is the greatest leaper I have ever ridden… Really, all I had to do was a bit of work at the finish. The horse did the rest. Not one single mistake did he make, and right from the start I was going on the bit. The horse gave me such a confident feeling that the only surprising thing was that I didn't win by a wider margin. I just let him run along in my hands all the time, having in mind that I must save a bit for the finish. Everything went well in the first circuit, and I kept a good place, in nice touch with the leaders. We jumped the water second and when we got into the country again I let Glangesia continue to give me a lead. The field gradually thinned down, but no matter what came along to join us in the front rank, I felt my horse going strongly, and I had no fear. There were three of us left to fight it out coming on to the racecourse. Here I got my first shock. Two fences from home I lost an iron and had to jump the last fence with only one foot in a stirrup. I did not recover it until after passing the winning post, but though my horse rolled a bit after landing on the flat, he came again and ran his race out as game as a pebble, though we both had to put in all we knew to land that wonderful prize."[20]
Shaun Goilin's owner Midwood said of Cullinan that he "…rode an excellent race. He could not have done better, and great credit is due to him."[17] Midwood apparently gave Cullinan a cheque for £1,000 out of the £5,000 prize money he received for the win.[21]
Cullinan's feat of winning the Champion Hurdle, Cheltenham Gold Cup and Grand National in a single season - known as the unofficial Triple Crown of National Hunt racing - would not be repeated until 2024 when Paul Townend matched the achievement.[22] Cullinan followed up the last of these wins by completing an Aintree double, riding Kakushin to victory in the Champion Steeplechase on the same afternoon. As in the earlier race, Cullinan secured the win on the final flat, after jumping second at the final fence behind Colliery Band.[23]
Cullinan took the mount of South Hill for the 1931 Grand National, falling at the 10th fence.[24] For the 1932 Grand National Cullinan was partnered with Evolution, again a non-finisher falling at the 8th fence. [25] Cullinan did not secure a mount for the 1933 race, but was partnered with Kilbuck in 1934, who ultimately refused at the 12th fence. [26] Cullinan's final mount came in the 1935 Grand National on Trocadero, another non-finish when the jockey was unseated at the 11th fence. [27]
Cullinan rode fewer races from 1935, concentrating on training, including ponies under Pony Turf Club Rules.[28]
Personal life
editCullinan married Noreen Stella Barlow on 23 March 1936.[29] They were divorced in 1938.[30]
Death
editOn 11 April 1940 Cullinan died from a fatal gunshot wound at a Royal Air Force station in Oxfordshire, where he was serving as a gunner in the Royal Artillery. He was 33 years old. At a private inquest the South Oxfordshire coroner, declared that it was not in the public interest that his verdict should be disclosed.[31] It was said at the time that Cullinan was shot by a sentry guard having failed to identify himself on return to barracks.[32] However, in reality Cullinan had committed suicide.[33]
Cullinan is buried at Christ Church, Swindon.[34]
References
edit- ^ "Rachael Blackmore completes Triple Crown with stunning Gold Cup triumph". The Irish Times. 18 March 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- ^ "Irishgenealogy.ie" (PDF). Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- ^ "FEATURE: Cullinan One of the Elite". The Irish Field. 27 February 2015. Retrieved 17 April 2024.
- ^ "Turf Notes "by Turfite"". Kildare Observer and Eastern Counties Advertiser. 4 December 1926. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Irish Stewards' Inquiry". Sheffield Daily Telegraph. 27 December 1927. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Yesterday's Racing - Leopardstown". Belfast News-Letter. 27 December 1927. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Jumping Novices of Note". Sport (Dublin). 31 December 1927. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "The Grand National". Londonderry Sentinel. 31 March 1928. Retrieved 24 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "The Amazing Grand National". Edinburgh Evening News. 31 March 1928. Retrieved 24 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "How Don Sancho Won at Fairyhouse". Sport. 14 April 1928. Retrieved 19 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "1929 Grand National: Results, Runners & Fallers". Grand National Betting.
- ^ "Racing Items - T. Cullinan's Appointment". Western Mail. 17 October 1929. Retrieved 19 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Wantage Double: Champion Cup for Brown Tony". Staffordshire Sentinel. 11 March 1930. Retrieved 19 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Sport in Britain". Lake Wakatip Mail. 12 March 1930. Retrieved 24 April 2024 – via National Library of New Zealand.
- ^ "Racing Programmes and Results - Jack Anthony's Big Double". Western Daily Press. 12 March 1930. Retrieved 19 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "'Rapier' on Racing". Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News. 5 April 1930. Retrieved 17 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b "Irish Victory in the Grand National - Five Horses Finish". The Scotsman. 29 March 1930. Retrieved 17 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ a b "Won by a Neck - Liverpool National". Sunday Mail (Brisbane: Qld: 1926 - 1954). 30 March 1930. Retrieved 22 April 2024 – via Trove.
- ^ "Grand National". Narembeen Observer (WA: 1928 - 1933). 4 April 1930. Retrieved 22 April 2024 – via Trove.
- ^ "Racing Notes - The Rider's Story". Evening Star. 17 May 1930. Retrieved 23 April 2024 – via National Library of New Zealand.
- ^ "'Rapier' on Racing". The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News. 12 April 1930. Retrieved 19 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "I Am Maximus secures Grand National victory as Irish horses dominate". The Irish Times. 13 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
- ^ "Champion 'Chase - Cullinan Completes Double". Western Morning News. 31 March 1930. Retrieved 19 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "1931 Grand National: Results, Runners & Fallers". Grand National Betting.
- ^ "1932 Grand National: Results, Runners & Fallers". Grand National Betting.
- ^ "1934 Grand National: Results, Runners & Fallers". Grand National Betting.
- ^ "1935 Grand National: Results, Runners & Fallers". Grand National Betting.
- ^ "Well-Known Jockey to Train Ponies". Northern Whig. 7 April 1937. Retrieved 19 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Private Wire - "Tip" at Wedding Reception". Birmingham Daily Gazette. 24 March 1936. Retrieved 19 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Decrees Nisi for Northants People". Northampton Mercury. 13 January 1939. Retrieved 25 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Death of Mr. T. B. Cullinan". North Wilts Herald. 19 April 1940. Retrieved 28 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Clare in WW2 / The Emergency - Individual Profiles" (PDF). Clare Library. Retrieved 25 April 2024.
- ^ "Sea Pigeon Can Fly". Country Life. 9 February 1978. Retrieved 28 April 2024 – via British Newspaper Archive.
- ^ "Gunner Thomas Brady Cullinan". Commonwealth War Graves. Retrieved 25 April 2024.