Triuret is an organic compound with the formula (H2NC(O)NH)2CO. It is a product from the pyrolysis of urea. Triuret is a colorless, crystalline, hygroscopic solid, slightly soluble in cold water or ether, and more soluble in hot water. It is a planar molecule. The central carbonyl is hydrogen-bonded to both terminal amino groups.[2]
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| Names | |
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| Preferred IUPAC name
2,4-Diimidotricarbonic diamide[1] | |
| Other names
Carbonyldiurea
1,3-Dicarbamylurea Dicarbamylurea Diimidotricarbonic diamide Tricarbonodiimidic diamide | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.008.317 |
| EC Number |
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| MeSH | C017781 |
PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| Properties | |
| C3H6N4O3 | |
| Molar mass | 146.106 g·mol−1 |
| Density | 1.547 g/cm3 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Synthesis
editThe compound is typically prepared by heating thin layers of urea, the thin layers facilitating escape of ammonia:
- 3 (H2N)2CO → [H2NC(O)NH]2CO + 2 NH3
It can also prepared by treatment of urea with phosgene:[3]
- 2 (H2N)2CO + COCl2 → [H2NC(O)NH]2CO + 2 HCl
A similar synthesis employs urea and dimethyl carbonate with potassium methoxide as a catalyst:[4]
- 2 (H2N)2CO + CO(OCH3)2 → [H2NC(O)NH]2CO + 2 MeOH
The original synthesis entailed oxidation of uric acid with hydrogen peroxide.[5]
Triuret is a complicating by-product in the industrial synthesis of melamine from urea.
Related compounds
editReferences
edit- ^ International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (2014). Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013. The Royal Society of Chemistry. p. 866. doi:10.1039/9781849733069. ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4.
- ^ D. Carlström and H. Ringertz "The molecular and crystal structure of triuret" Acta Crystallogr. (1965. vol. 18, 307-313. doi:10.1107/S0365110X65000737
- ^ C. Nitschke; G. Scherr (2012). "Urea Derivatives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.o27_o04. ISBN 978-3527306732.
- ^ Chen, Jianchao; Zhao, Peihua; Liu, Yaqing; Liu, Hua; Zhu, Futian (2012). "Clean and facile synthesis of triuret from urea and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) under mild conditions". Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering. 29 (3): 288–290. doi:10.1007/s11814-011-0172-8. S2CID 94537937.
- ^ Alfred Schittenhelm, Karl Wiener "Carbonyldiharnstoff als Oxydationsprodukt der Harnsäure" Zeitschrift für Physiologische Chemie 1909, volume 62, 100 ff.