Turhan Përmeti (19 December 1846 – 18 February 1927)[1] was an Albanian politician and statesman who served as the second prime minister of Albania, serving from March 1914 to September 1914 and from December 1918 to January 1920. He was also in service of the Ottoman state and held the title of Pasha of the Ottoman Empire.
Turhan Përmeti | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 2nd Prime Minister of Albania | |
| In office 14 March 1914 – 3 September 1914 | |
| Monarch | Wilhelm I |
| Preceded by | Ismail Kemal |
| Succeeded by | Essad Toptani |
| In office 25 December 1918 – 29 January 1920 | |
| Monarch | Wilhelm I |
| Preceded by | Essad Toptani |
| Succeeded by | Sulejman Delvina |
| Wali of Crete | |
| In office 1894–1895 | |
| Preceded by | Mahmud Celaleddin Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Alexander Karatheodori Pasha |
| In office 12 March 1896 – May 1896 | |
| Preceded by | Alexander Karatheodori Pasha |
| Succeeded by | Kölemen Abdullah Pasha |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 19 December 1846 Trikala, Ottoman Empire (now Greece) |
| Died | 18 February 1927 (aged 80)[1] Neuilly, France[1] |
| Signature |  |
Among the Ottoman posts he occupied were Governor of Crete 1895 and 1896, and ambassador in Saint Petersburg. He was a fluent Greek speaker and considered a capable though rather indecisive administrator. His governorship of Crete ended with the insurrection of May 24, 1896 that eventually led to the loss of the island by the Ottoman Empire. Përmeti represented the Ottoman Empire as its delegate at the Second Hague Peace Conference of 1907.[2]
On 17 March 1914, he was appointed as Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs by Prince Wied, in the so-called Definitive Government. He became Albania's second prime minister succeeding Ismail Qemali. Përmeti remained foreign minister until May 28, 1914, then replaced by Prenk Bib Doda, who himself was succeeded by Mehmed Konica in July.[3] Përmeti's contemporaries argued that, because he had lacked affiliation with the Albanian national cause, he was not familiar with the needs of Albanians. His premiership was interrupted by Albanian discontent twice. He was overthrown by Essad Toptani in 1914, and then by the Congress of Lushnjë in 1920.[citation needed]
Political career
editPërmeti served as the second prime minister of Albania from 14 March 1914 to 3 September 1914 and on a second term from 25 December 1918 to 29 January 1920.[4][5]
The composition of government was proposed since the first session of the meetings.[6] Përmeti's government of the Principality of Albania (25 December 1918 – 29 January 1920) included Prenk Bib Doda, Mufid Libohova, Luigj Bumçi, Mustafa Merlika-Kruja, Mihal Turtulli, Mehmed Konica, Sami Vrioni, Mid'hat Frashëri, Luigj Gurakuqi, Lef Nosi, Fejzi Alizoti and also Petro Poga.[7][8][9][10][11][12]
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c Swire, John (1971). Albania: The Rise of a Kingdom. New York: Arno Press. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-405-02777-2.
- ^ Skendi, Stavro (1967). The Albanian national awakening. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 178. ISBN 9781400847761.
- ^ "Historiku i krijimit të institucionit të Ministrisë së Punëve të Jashtme të shtetit shqiptar | Konsullata e Përgjithshme e Republikës së Shqipërisë në Stamboll". www.ambasadat.gov.al. Retrieved 7 January 2020.
- ^ ASA 2009, p. 2156 "Note: The first government of Turhan Përmeti extended from 14 March to 20 May 1914 followed by the second government from 28 May to 3 September 1914."
- ^ ASA 2009, p. 2157
- ^ Kongresi i Durrësit, 25 dhjetor 1918 [Congress of Durres, Dec 25 1918] (in Albanian), Gazeta Republika, 27 December 2012, archived from the original on 15 December 2013, retrieved 15 December 2013
- ^ Pearson 2006, pp. 117.
- ^ Chekrezi 1919, pp. 186.
- ^ Özdalga 2011, pp. 327.
- ^ Elsie 2010, pp. 273.
- ^ Elsie 2010, pp. 179.
- ^ Elsie 2010, pp. 334.
Sources
edit- Fjalor enciklopedik shqiptar: N-Zh dhe një shtojcë (in Albanian). Academy of Sciences of Albania. 2009. ISBN 978-9-9956-1032-6. Archived from the original on 21 October 2023. Retrieved 21 October 2023.
- Chekrezi, Constantin Anastas, ed. (February 1919). "The Provisional Albanian Government - Hail, Free Albania!". The Adriatic Review. 1 (5–6). Boston, Massachusetts: Vatra.
- Elsie, Robert (2010). Historical Dictionary of Albania. Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810861886.
- Özdalga, Elisabeth (2011). Late Ottoman Society: The Intellectual Legacy. Soas/Routledge Curzon Studies on the Middle East. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-66544-5.
- Pearson, Owen (2006). Albania in the Twentieth Century, A History: Volume I: Albania and King Zog, 1908–39. I. B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-84511-013-0.