In 1961 the United States Strike Command (STRICOM) was established at MacDill Air Force Base as a unified combatant command capable of responding to global crises. The name of the command was originally derived from the acronym for Swift Tactical Reaction In Every Known Environment (STRIKE).[1] It integrated the CONUS-based forces of the Army's Continental Army Command (essentially elements from the Army's Strategic Army Corps (STRAC)) and the Air Force's Composite Air Strike Force (CASF) and Tactical Air Command.
| United States Strike Command | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Active | 1961–72: Strike Command 1972–87: Readiness Command |
| Country | United States |
| Type | Unified Combatant Command |
| Part of | United States Department of Defense |
| Headquarters | MacDill Air Force Base, Tampa, Florida |
| Engagements | Operation Dragon Rouge |
Mission and deployments
editIn March 1961 Secretary of Defense McNamara ordered the JCS to develop a plan for integrating the Strategic Army Corps (STRAC) and Tactical Air Command into a unified command.[2] The JCS Chairman, the CSA, and the CSAF endorsed this idea, provided that the new command eventually included Navy and Marine Corps units. But the CNO objected that the inherent flexibility of naval forces would be sacrificed if assigned to a command tailored to STRAC and TAC. He suggested instead that troop carrier and ground-support aircraft be made organic to the Army or that a joint task force be organized that would train air-ground teams for augmentation of existing commands. Similarly, the CMC argued that development of a "doctrine" for joint Army-Air Force operations would suffice.
Secretary McNamara ruled in favor of the proposed new command. United States Strike Command (USSTRICOM) was activated on 1 January 1962 under an Army general. USSTRICOM assumed operational control over the combat-ready forces of TAC and CONARC. In 1965 the United States Atlantic Fleet became STRICOM's naval component command. A year later General Theodore J. Conway took command, a position he held until 1969. Initially, STRICOM's assigned missions were to: (a) provide a reserve of general purpose forces for reinforcing the other unified commands, (b) train the general reserve, (c) develop joint doctrine and, (d) plan for and execute contingency operations.[3] Subsequently, STRICOM's missions were expanded to include planning for, and execution of, operations in the Middle East, sub-Sahara Africa, and Southern Asia (MEAFSA).
STRICOM took place in the worldwide readiness test (of which Operation Giant Lance formed a part) in 1969, sortieing U. S. Navy Middle East Force ships into the Gulf of Aden.[4]
STRICOM was redesignated United States Readiness Command (REDCOM) in 1972.[5] Essentially, the change was nothing more than a redesignation, except that the command was divested of its MEAFSA responsibilities.[6] The redesignated command's missions included integrating, training, and providing CONUS-based general purpose forces, as well as planning and providing joint task force headquarters and forces for operations in areas not assigned to other unified commands.[7] In 1979, the national command authorities ordered the CINC of REDCOM (CINCRED) to establish the Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force (RDJTF) headquarters as a separate subordinate command within REDCOM. That same year, General Volney F. Warner took command of REDCOM, and held command until 1981. The Rapid Deployment Joint Task Force became an independent unified command in 1983 as United States Central Command (USCENTCOM).
Readiness Command was replaced by United States Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) in 1987, with the last CINCRED, General James J. Lindsay, becoming the first CINCSOC.
Detachment 1, 1150th USAF Special Activities Squadron, also known as "Communications Support Element" or CSE, was subordinate to USSTRICOM and operated from MacDill AFB. CSE was about a 50–50 mix of Air Force and Army personnel. CSE consisted of two units – Field Unit "A" (FUA) and Field Unit "B" (FUB) – and was mainly a mobile tactical communications outfit.
Commanders-in-Chief
editCommander-in-Chief, U.S. Strike Command
edit| Date | Incumbent |
|---|---|
| 1961–1966 | GEN Paul D. Adams, USA |
| 1966–1969 | GEN Theodore J. Conway, USA |
| 1969–1972 | GEN John L. Throckmorton, USA |
Commander-in-Chief, U.S. Readiness Command
edit| Date | Incumbent |
|---|---|
| 1972–1973 | GEN John L. Throckmorton, USA |
| 1973–1974 | GEN Bruce Palmer Jr., USA |
| 1974–1979 | GEN John J. Hennessey, USA |
| 1979–1981 | GEN Volney F. Warner, USA |
| 1981–1983 | GEN Donn A. Starry, USA |
| 1983–1985 | GEN Wallace H. Nutting, USA |
| 1985–1986 | GEN Fred K. Mahaffey, USA |
| 1986–1987 | GEN James J. Lindsay, USA |
References
edit- ^ Ridgway, Col. John J.; Walter, Lt. Col. Paul B. (May 1976), Interview with General Barksdale Hamlett, Section 5, Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania: U.S. Army Military History Research Collection, Senior Officer Oral History Program, p. 60 [dead link]
- ^ History of the Unified Command Plan
- ^ Douglas C. Lovelace & Thomas-Durrell Young, Defining US Atlantic Command's Role in the Power Projection Strategy, US Army Strategic Studies Institute, August 1998
- ^ "US Military Readiness Tests - Worldwide" (PDF). www.gwu.edu. Retrieved 8 July 2024.
- ^ Global Security: MacDill AFB
- ^ Les Aspin, memorandum, subject: U.S. Atlantic Command (USACOM) Implementation Plan, Washington, DC: Office of the Secretary of Defense, 1 October 1993. The full title of the plan is Implementation Plan for Establishing United States Atlantic Command as the Joint Force Integrator. Via Lovelace and Young.
- ^ Headquarters, United States Atlantic Command, Implementation Plan for Establishing United States Atlantic Command as the Joint Force Integrator, Norfolk, VA, 1 October 1993, pp. 1–1 through 1–2, via Lovelace and Young
- Benjamin O. Davis Jr.: American (Smithsonian Institution Press) - has chapter on Strike Command
External links
edit- The short film Big Picture: Strike Command is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.
- The short film Big Picture: United States Strike Command is available for free viewing and download at the Internet Archive.