USA-96, also known as GPS IIA-14, GPS II-23 and GPS SVN-34, is an American navigation satellite which is part of the Global Positioning System. It was 14 of 19 Block IIA GPS satellites to be launched, and the last one to be retired.
| Names | Navstar 2A-14 GPS IIA-14 GPS II-23 GPS SVN-34 |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Navigation |
| Operator | U.S. Air Force |
| COSPAR ID | 1993-068A[1] |
| SATCAT no. | 22877 |
| Mission duration | 7.5 years (planned) 26 years (achieved) |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | GPS IIA |
| Spacecraft type | GPS Block IIA[2] |
| Manufacturer | Rockwell International |
| Launch mass | 840 kg (1,850 lb) |
| Dimensions | 5.3 m (17 ft) of long |
| Power | 710 watts |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 26 October 1993, 17:04:00 UTC |
| Rocket | Delta II 7925-9.5 (Delta D223) |
| Launch site | Cape Canaveral, LC-17B |
| Contractor | McDonnell Douglas |
| Entered service | 25 November 1993 |
| End of mission | |
| Disposal | Graveyard orbit |
| Deactivated | 9 October 2019 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit[3] |
| Regime | Medium Earth orbit (Semi-synchronous) |
| Slot | D4 (slot 4 plane D) |
| Perigee altitude | 20,107 km (12,494 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 20,264 km (12,591 mi) |
| Inclination | 55.08° |
| Period | 718.00 minutes |
Background
editGlobal Positioning System (GPS) was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense to provide all-weather round-the-clock navigation capabilities for military ground, sea, and air forces. Since its implementation, GPS has also become an integral asset in numerous civilian applications and industries around the globe, including recreational used (e.g., boating, aircraft, hiking), corporate vehicle fleet tracking, and surveying. GPS employs 24 spacecraft in 20,200 km circular orbits inclined at 55.0°. These vehicles are placed in 6 orbit planes with four operational satellites in each plane.[1]
GPS Block 2 was the operational system, following the demonstration system composed of Block 1 (Navstar 1 - 11) spacecraft. These spacecraft were 3-axis stabilized, nadir pointing using reaction wheels. Dual solar arrays supplied 710 watts of power. They used S-band (SGLS) communications for control and telemetry and Ultra high frequency (UHF) cross-link between spacecraft. The payload consisted of two L-band navigation signals at 1575.42 MHz (L1) and 1227.60 MHz (L2). Each spacecraft carried 2 rubidium and 2 Cesium clocks and nuclear detonation detection sensors. Built by Rockwell Space Systems for the U.S. Air force, the spacecraft measured 5.3 m across with solar panels deployed and had a design life of 7.5 years.[1]
Launch
editUSA-96 was launched at 17:04:00 UTC on 26 October 1993, atop a Delta II launch vehicle, flight number D223, flying in the 7925-9.5 configuration.[4] The launch took place from Launch Complex 17B (LC-17B) at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station (CCAFS),[5] and placed USA-96 into a transfer orbit. The satellite raised itself into medium Earth orbit using a Star-37XFP apogee motor.[2]
Mission
editOn 25 November 1993, USA-96 was in an orbit with a perigee of 20,104 km (12,492 mi), an apogee of 20,260 km (12,590 mi), a period of 718.00 minutes, and 55.08° of inclination to the equator.[3] It broadcast the PRN 04 signal, and operated in slot 4 of plane D of the GPS constellation.[6] The satellite has a mass of 840 kg (1,850 lb). It had a design life of 7.5 years.[2] It was temporarily removed from the GPS constellation on 2 November 2015.[7] From 20 March 2018 the satellite was operational again, broadcasting the PRN 18 signal, from slot 6 of Plane D,[8] until 9 October 2019, when it was placed in reserve as an on-orbit spare.[9] It was the final Block IIA satellite to be retired on 13 April 2020.[10]
References
edit
- ^ a b c "Display: Navstar 2A-14 1993-068A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020.
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b c Krebs, Gunter. "GPS-2A (Navstar-2A)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^ a b "Trajectory: Navstar 2A-14 1993-068A". NASA. 14 May 2020. Retrieved 20 December 2020. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch Log". Jonathan's Space Report. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^ McDowell, Jonathan. "Launch List". Launch Vehicle Database. Jonathan's Space Report. Archived from the original on 15 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^ Wade, Mark. "Navstar". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from the original on 11 November 2002. Retrieved 10 July 2012.
- ^ "Notice Advisory to GPS Users". NAVCEN. Retrieved 7 November 2015. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Notice Advisory to GPS Users". navcen.uscg.gov. Retrieved 31 March 2018. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Notice Advisory to GPS Users". navcen.uscg.gov. Retrieved 28 October 2019. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ "Farewell to a Great Generation: GPS IIA". Inside GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite Systems Engineering, Policy, and Design. 15 April 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2021.