Virginia Caroline Rappe (/rəˈpeɪ/; July 7, 1891 – September 9, 1921)[2] was an American model and silent film actress. Working mostly in bit parts, Rappe died after attending a party with actor Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle, who was accused of manslaughter and rape in connection with her death, though he was ultimately acquitted of both charges.
Virginia Rappe | |
|---|---|
 Virginia Rappe c. 1920 | |
| Born | Zelliene Virginia Rappe July 7, 1891[1] |
| Died | September 9, 1921 (aged 30) San Francisco, California, U.S. |
| Cause of death | Ruptured bladder and secondary peritonitis |
| Resting place | Hollywood Forever Cemetery, Los Angeles, California, U.S. |
| Other names | Virginia Rappae |
| Years active | 1909–1921 |
| Partner(s) | Robert Moscovitz (1916–1916, his death) Henry Lehrman (1919–1921) |
Early life and career
editVirginia Rappe was born in Chicago, Illinois, on July 7, 1891 to a single mother, Mabel Rappe. Mabel died when Rappe was aged 11.[3] Rappe was then raised by her grandmother.[4][5]
At age 18, she began working as a commercial and artist's model,[6] moving to San Francisco, California, to pursue this career in 1916. There she met dress designer Robert Moscovitz and they became engaged, but shortly afterward he was killed in a streetcar accident.[6]
Rappe moved to Los Angeles,[citation needed] where in early 1917 she was hired by director Fred Balshofer and given a prominent role in his film Paradise Garden, opposite screen star Harold Lockwood. Balshofer hired her again to costar with early drag performer Julian Eltinge and newcomer Rudolph Valentino in Over the Rhine.[citation needed] This film was not released until 1920, when Balshofer recut it and released it under the title An Adventuress, and later in 1922, after Rappe's death, as The Isle of Love.[7] She was named "Best Dressed Girl in Pictures" in 1918.[6]
In 1919, Rappe began a relationship with director/producer Henry Lehrman. The couple eventually became engaged and lived together, but in the United States Census of 1920, the young actress is listed as a "boarder" in Lehrman's home in Los Angeles.[8] Rappe appeared in at least four films for Lehrman: His Musical Sneeze, A Twilight Baby, Punch of the Irish and A Game Lady. However, since many of Lehrman's films are lost, the exact number of roles she performed for him cannot be determined.
Following Rappe's death, rumors arose, supposedly to besmirch her character, that she had given birth in Chicago in 1918 and put the baby in foster care. These rumors were proven false by autopsy.[9]
Death
edit
The circumstances of Rappe's death in 1921 became a Hollywood scandal and were heavily sensationalized by the media of the time. During a party held on Labor Day, September 5, 1921, in Roscoe "Fatty" Arbuckle's suite at the St. Francis Hotel in San Francisco, Rappe allegedly suffered a trauma. She died four days later on September 9 from a ruptured bladder and secondary peritonitis.[10] She is buried at Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Los Angeles alongside her fiance Henry Lehrman.[11]
The exact events of the party remain unclear, with witnesses relating numerous versions of what happened. It was alleged that Rappe had died as a result of a violent sexual assault by Arbuckle. Arbuckle's accuser, Bambina Maude Delmont, had accompanied Rappe to the party; she had first met Rappe only a few days earlier.[12] Delmont, however, had a police record for extortion, prostitution and blackmail.[13] Subsequent witnesses testified that Rappe had for some time suffered from cystitis, a condition which could have been aggravated by consuming alcohol.[14] Witnesses also testified that Rappe had previously suffered from venereal disease, so there were allegations that her death was brought on by her health rather than by an assault, however her autopsy revealed no sign of venereal disease or any current or prior pregnancies.[13]
After three manslaughter trials, Arbuckle was formally acquitted; his acquittal in the third trial was accompanied by an unprecedented statement of apology from the jury stating, in part, that, "Acquittal is not enough for Roscoe Arbuckle. We feel that a great injustice has been done him... there was not the slightest proof adduced to connect him in any way with the commission of a crime."[15] Nevertheless, Arbuckle's reputation and career were ruined because of the scandal.
Filmography
edit| Year | Title | Role | Notes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1916 | The Foolish Virgin | Salesgirl | Uncredited bit part | [16] |
| 1917 | Paradise Garden | Marcia Van Wyck | Lost film | [16] |
| 1918 | Wild Women and Tame Lions | Lost film; allegedly uncredited | ||
| 1919 | His Musical Sneeze | |||
| 1920 | A Twilight Baby | |||
| 1920 | An Adventuress | Vanette | Reissued in 1922, heavily re-edited, as The Isle of Love | |
| 1920 | The Kick in High Life | Uncredited | ||
| 1920 | Wet and Warmer | Undetermined role | Uncredited | |
| 1921 | The Punch of the Irish | The Object Of Attention | ||
| 1921 | A Game Lady | Undetermined role |
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Illinois, Cook County Birth Registers, 1871-1915," database, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:N7WC-F8M : March 10, 2018), Mabel Rapp in entry for Rapp, July 7, 1891; citing p.254 no.12677, Chicago, Cook, Illinois, Cook County Courthouse, Chicago; FHL microfilm 1,287,737.
- ^ Notorious Crimes, Criminals and Criminal Trials in American History ISBN 978-1-610-69594-7 p. 30
- ^ Slapstick Divas: The Women of Silent Comedy ISBN 978-1-629-33132-4 p. 1967
- ^ Miller, Blair (1995). American Silent Film Comedies: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of Persons, Studios, and Terminology. McFarland & Co. p. 207. ISBN 0-89950-929-0.
- ^ Ellis & Ellis 2005, p. 445.
- ^ a b c Ellis & Ellis 2005, p. 446.
- ^ a b "An Adventuress". British Film Institute. Retrieved January 30, 2022.
- ^ "The Fourteenth Census of the United States: 1920", City of Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, California, enumeration date January 10, 1920. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
- ^ "Sausalito News November 12, 1921 – California Digital Newspaper Collection". cdnc.ucr.edu. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
- ^ Meade, Marion (1997). Buster Keaton: Cut To the Chase. Da Capo Press. p. 121. ISBN 0-306-80802-1.
- ^ Lawson, Kristan; Rufus, Anneli (2000). California Babylon. Macmillan. p. 46. ISBN 0-312-26385-6.
- ^ Hallett 2013, p. 196.
- ^ a b Noe, Denise. "Fatty Arbuckle and the Death of Virginia Rappe". crimelibrary.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2015. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
- ^ "Virginia Blamed Lover, says nurse". Ludington Daily News. San Francisco, CA. September 13, 1921. p. 1.
- ^ Chermak, Steven M.; Bailey, Frankie Y. (2007). Crimes and Trials of the Century. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-313-34110-6.
- ^ a b Hallett 2013, p. 182.
- ^ "Virginia Rappe". Det Danske Filminstitut. Retrieved January 29, 2022.
Sources
edit- Ellis, Chris; Ellis, Julie (2005). The Mammoth Book of Celebrity Murder: Murder Played Out In The Spotlight Of Maximum Publicity. Constable & Robertson. ISBN 1-84529-154-9.
- Hallett, Hilary (2013). Go West, Young Women!: The Rise of Early Hollywood. Los Angeles, California: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-27408-2.
Further reading
edit- Merritt, Greg (2013). Room 1219: The Life of Fatty Arbuckle, the Mysterious Death of Virginia Rappe, and the Scandal That Changed Hollywood. Chicago: Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-613-74792-6.
External links
edit
- Works by or about Virginia Rappe at the Internet Archive
- Virginia Rappe at IMDb
- Virginia Rappe Home-Page (in German)
- Crime Library Article on the Rappe/Arbuckle case at the Wayback Machine (archived February 10, 2015)
- Film researcher discusses the Fatty Arbuckle trial
- Watch His Musical Sneeze at the Danish Film Institute website
- Allan Ellenberger blog entry on Virginia Rappe at the Wayback Machine (archived December 1, 2008)
- 'Fatty' Arbuckle and Hollywood's first scandal