Vividha Tirtha Kalpa, originally named Kalpa-pradeepa,[1] is a widely cited[2][3][4] Jain text composed by Jinaprabha Suri in the 14th century CE. It is a compilation of about 60 Kalpas (sections), most of them give the accounts of major Jain Tirthas.[5]

Ceiling of Dilwara Jain Temples described in Arbudadri Kalpa

Vividha Tirtha Kalpa is an example of the tirtha-mala texts that are compilations about Jain Tirthas throughout India.

Jinaprabh Suri is said to have written three Jain prayers in Persian.[6]

Author

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Jinaprabha Suri lived during the rule of Muhammad bin Tughluq. He travelled widely and has left a record of contemporary events as well as oral traditions. He was born in Mohilvadi, Gujarat in the Tambi clan of Shrimal Jain community. He was initiated at the age of 8 and became an Acharya in Kharatara Gaccha at 23.

Composition time

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Some of the Kalpas contain the date of compositions, although most are undated. The dates range from Samvat 1364 to Samvat 1389.[7] The last section of the book was written in 1332 CE in Delhi during the rule of Muhammad Bin Tuglaq.

Contents

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Kolanupaka Temple (Kulpakji Temple) Gopuram, Kulpak Manikyadeva Kalpa

The tirthas mentioned cover regions (as divided by Muni Jinvijay):

  • Gujarat and Kathiawad
  • Punjab and Uttar Pradesh
  • Maharashtra
  • Rajasthan and Malava
  • Eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar
  • Karnataka and Telangana

The description suggests that at that time, while the Śvetāmbara-Digambara division had become distinct, the tirtha were visited by Jains of both sects. He describes the building and destruction of many temples in recent period.

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Jinvijay, Muni. Vividha Tirtha Kalpa - Preface (PDF). p. 1.
  2. ^ Jaina Iconography, Volume 1 of Jaina-rūpa-maṇḍana, Umakant Premanand Shah, Abhinav Publications, 1987, p. 198
  3. ^ Cort, J. (1987). Medieval Jaina Goddess Traditions. Numen, 34(2), 235-255
  4. ^ Balbhadra Jain, Bharat ke Digambar Jain Tirth, Bharatiya Jnanapitha, 1974
  5. ^ JaineLibrary, Jinprabhsuri. "Vividh tirthkalpa". jainqq.org. Retrieved 3 October 2024.
  6. ^ Audrey Truschke, Jains and the Delhi Sultanate, JAINpedia, 2015
  7. ^ Vividha Tirth kalpa, Jinaprabha Suri, Hindi Translation by Bhanwarlal Nahta, Shri Jain Shvetambar Nakoda Parshvanath Tirtha, 1978

Further reading

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  • Suri, Jina Prabha (1934) [14th century CE]. Vijaya, Jina (ed.). Vividha Tirtha Kalpa Of Jina Prabha Suri. Singhi Jaina Series (in Sanskrit and Prakrit). Vol. 10. Santiniketan, West Bengal: The Adhisthata, Singhi Jaina Jnanapitha.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
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