The Indonesian island of Java is almost entirely of volcanic origin, and contains numerous volcanoes, 45 of which are considered active volcanoes. As is the case for many other Indonesian islands, volcanoes have played a vital role in the geological and human history of Java. Indeed, land is created on Java as a result of lava flows, ash deposits, and mud flows (lahars ). Volcanoes are a major contributor to the immense fertility of Java, as natural erosion transports volcanic material as alluvium to the island's plains, forming thick layers of fertile sediment. The benefit is not just in the immediate vicinity of the volcano, with fine ash emitted from eruptions being dispersed over wide areas.
View of Semeru and Bromo eruption with Mount Batok in East Java Climbing volcanoes (and other mountains) is increasingly popular.[according to whom?
List of active volcanoes
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Name
Shape
Elevation
Last eruption (VEI )
Geolocation
m
ft
Pulosari stratovolcano
1,346
4,416
unknown
6°20′31″S 105°58′30″E / 6.342°S 105.975°E / -6.342; 105.975
Gunung Karang stratovolcano
1,778
5,833
unknown
6°16′12″S 106°02′31″E / 6.27°S 106.042°E / -6.27; 106.042
Kiaraberes-Gagak stratovolcano
1,511
4,957
6 Apr 1939 (1)
6°44′S 106°39′E / 6.73°S 106.65°E / -6.73; 106.65
Perbakti stratovolcano
1,699
5,574
unknown
6°45′S 106°41′E / 6.75°S 106.68°E / -6.75; 106.68
Salak stratovolcano
2,211
7,254
31 Jan 1938 (2)
6°43′S 106°44′E / 6.72°S 106.73°E / -6.72; 106.73
Gede stratovolcano
2,958
9,705
13 Mar 1957 (2)
6°47′S 106°59′E / 6.78°S 106.98°E / -6.78; 106.98
Patuha stratovolcano
2,434
7,986
unknown
7°09′36″S 107°24′00″E / 7.160°S 107.40°E / -7.160; 107.40
Wayang-Windu lava dome
2,182
7,159
unknown
7°12′29″S 107°37′48″E / 7.208°S 107.63°E / -7.208; 107.63
Malabar stratovolcano
2,343
7,687
unknown
7°08′S 107°39′E / 7.13°S 107.65°E / -7.13; 107.65
Tangkuban Perahu stratovolcano
2,084
6,837
26 Jul 2019 (1)
6°46′S 107°36′E / 6.77°S 107.60°E / -6.77; 107.60
Papandayan stratovolcano
2,665
8,743
11 Nov 2002 (2)
7°19′S 107°44′E / 7.32°S 107.73°E / -7.32; 107.73
Kendang stratovolcano
2,608
8,556
unknown
7°14′S 107°43′E / 7.23°S 107.72°E / -7.23; 107.72
Kamojang stratovolcano
1,730
5,680
Pleistocene
7°07′30″S 107°48′00″E / 7.125°S 107.80°E / -7.125; 107.80
Guntur complex volcano
2,249
7,379
16 Oct 1847 (2)
7°08′35″S 107°50′24″E / 7.143°S 107.840°E / -7.143; 107.840
Tampomas stratovolcano
1,684
5,525
unknown
6°46′S 107°57′E / 6.77°S 107.95°E / -6.77; 107.95
Galunggung stratovolcano
2,168
7,113
9 Jan 1984 (1)
7°15′00″S 108°03′29″E / 7.25°S 108.058°E / -7.25; 108.058
Talagabodas stratovolcano
2,201
7,221
unknown
7°12′29″S 108°04′12″E / 7.208°S 108.07°E / -7.208; 108.07
Karaha fumarole
1,155
3,789
unknown
7°07′S 108°05′E / 7.12°S 108.08°E / -7.12; 108.08
Cereme stratovolcano
3,078
10,098
1951
6°53′31″S 108°24′00″E / 6.892°S 108.40°E / -6.892; 108.40
Slamet stratovolcano
3,432
11,260
1 May 1999 (1)
7°14′31″S 109°12′29″E / 7.242°S 109.208°E / -7.242; 109.208
Dieng complex volcano
2,565
8,415
31 Dec 1996 (1)
7°12′S 109°55′E / 7.20°S 109.92°E / -7.20; 109.92
Sundoro stratovolcano
3,136
10,289
29 Oct 1971 (2)
7°18′00″S 109°59′31″E / 7.30°S 109.992°E / -7.30; 109.992
Sumbing stratovolcano
3,371
11,060
1730 (1)
7°23′02″S 110°04′12″E / 7.384°S 110.070°E / -7.384; 110.070
Ungaran stratovolcano
2,050
6,730
unknown
7°11′S 110°20′E / 7.18°S 110.33°E / -7.18; 110.33
Telomoyo stratovolcano
1,894
6,214
unknown
7°22′S 110°24′E / 7.37°S 110.40°E / -7.37; 110.40
Merbabu stratovolcano
3,145
10,318
1797 (2)
7°27′S 110°26′E / 7.45°S 110.43°E / -7.45; 110.43
Merapi stratovolcano
2,968
9,738
28 Mar 2020 (3)
7°32′31″S 110°26′31″E / 7.542°S 110.442°E / -7.542; 110.442
Muria stratovolcano
1,625
5,331
160 ± 30 years
6°37′S 110°53′E / 6.62°S 110.88°E / -6.62; 110.88
Lawu stratovolcano
3,265
10,712
28 Nov 1885 (1)
7°37′30″S 111°11′31″E / 7.625°S 111.192°E / -7.625; 111.192
Wilis stratovolcano
2,563
8,409
unknown
7°48′29″S 111°45′29″E / 7.808°S 111.758°E / -7.808; 111.758
Kelud stratovolcano
1,731
5,679
13 Feb 2014 (4)
7°55′48″S 112°18′29″E / 7.93°S 112.308°E / -7.93; 112.308
Kawi -Butak stratovolcano
2,651
8,698
unknown
7°55′S 112°27′E / 7.92°S 112.45°E / -7.92; 112.45
Arjuno -Welirang stratovolcano
3,339
10,955
15 Aug 1952 (0)
7°43′30″S 112°34′48″E / 7.725°S 112.58°E / -7.725; 112.58
Penanggungan stratovolcano
1,653
5,423
unknown
7°37′S 112°38′E / 7.62°S 112.63°E / -7.62; 112.63
Malang Plain maar
680
2,230
unknown
8°01′S 112°41′E / 8.02°S 112.68°E / -8.02; 112.68
Semeru stratovolcano
3,676
12,060
1967 –2021 continuing (3)
8°06′29″S 112°55′12″E / 8.108°S 112.92°E / -8.108; 112.92
Tengger stratovolcano
2,329
7,641
8 Jun 2004 (2)
7°56′31″S 112°57′00″E / 7.942°S 112.95°E / -7.942; 112.95
Lamongan stratovolcano
1,651
5,417
5 Feb 1898 (2)
7°58′44″S 113°20′31″E / 7.979°S 113.342°E / -7.979; 113.342
Lurus complex volcano
539
1,768
unknown
7°44′S 113°35′E / 7.73°S 113.58°E / -7.73; 113.58
Iyang-Argapura complex volcano
3,088
10,131
unknown
7°58′S 113°34′E / 7.97°S 113.57°E / -7.97; 113.57
Raung stratovolcano
3,332
10,932
3 Oct 2020 (1)
8°07′30″S 114°02′31″E / 8.125°S 114.042°E / -8.125; 114.042
Ijen stratovolcano
2,799
9,183
28 Jun 1999 (1)
8°03′29″S 114°14′31″E / 8.058°S 114.242°E / -8.058; 114.242
Baluran stratovolcano
1,247
4,091
unknown
7°51′S 114°22′E / 7.85°S 114.37°E / -7.85; 114.37
Whitten, T, Soaeriaatmadja, R. E., Afiff, S. A., (editors), The Ecology of Java and Bali , Periplus Editions (HK) Ltd. 1996, Hardcover, 969 pages, ISBN 962-593-072-8 
