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West Midlands English is a group of dialects of the English language native to the English West Midlands.
| West Midlands English | |
|---|---|
| Native to | England |
| Region | West Midlands |
| Ethnicity | English |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | |
| Dialects | West Midlands English |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
 Location of The West Midlands within England | |
County accents
editCertain areas of the West Midlands are stereotyped as having stronger accents than others, Dudley in the Black Country being an example. There are some local phrases in the Black Country that are renowned. People do tend to substitute a reply of "arr" for "yes". Generally, most words are shortened, most commonly being "I haven't" to "I ay" (which can be argued as an even shorter form of "I ain't").[1] In the south of the West Midlands (southern Warwickshire and Worcestershire), the accent is more similar to the general southern accent.
Dave Bradley, a presenter on BBC Hereford and Worcester said in 2005 that:
[in Herefordshire and Worcestershire] we have many different ways of speaking the English language, at least I think that's what we are speaking !!!
Go from Kington in North Herefordshire with the Welsh-border lilt, to Evesham in the south of Worcestershire where there's a very different sound.
From Kidderminster and the North Worcestershire area where many, but not all, have a Brummigum twang, and then off down to Ross where there's a hint of the rounded Gloucestershire tones.
— Dave Bradley[2]
Phonology
edit- West Midlands accents do not have the trap–bath split much like Northern England English, so cast is pronounced [kast] rather than the [kɑːst] pronunciation of most southern accents. The northern limit of the [ɑː] in many words crosses England from mid-Shropshire to The Wash, passing just south of Birmingham.
- Much like Northern England English as well, there is no foot–strut split in the West Midlands, except for Herefordshire and most of Shropshire, with words containing [ʌ] like strut or but being pronounced with [ʊ], without any distinction between putt and put.
- H-dropping is common, in which the [h] sound is usually omitted from most words.[3]
- There is no Ng-coalescence. Cases of the spelling -ing are pronounced as [ɪŋɡ] rather than [ɪŋ]. Wells noted that there were no exceptions to this rule in Stoke-on-Trent, whereas there were for other areas with the [ɪŋɡ] pronunciation, such as Liverpool.[4]
- Dialect verbs are used, for example am for are, ay for is not (related to ain't), bay for are not, bin for am or, emphatically, for are. Hence the following joke dialogue about bay windows: "What sort of windas am them?" "They'm bay windas." "Well if they bay windas wot bin them?". There is also humour to be derived from the shop-owner's sign of Mr. "E. A. Wright" (that is, "He ay [isn't] right," a phrase implying someone is saft [soft] in the jed [head]). Saft also may mean silly as in, "Stop bein' so saft".
- The Birmingham and Coventry accents are distinct, even though the cities are only 19 miles/30 km apart. Coventry being closer to an East Midlands accent. [citation needed]
- Around Stoke-on-Trent, the short i can sometimes sound rather like ee, as very obvious when hearing a local say it; however, this is not always the case as most other words such as "miss" or "tip" are still pronounced as normal. The Potteries accent is perhaps the most distinctly 'northern' of the West Midlands accents, given that the urban area around Stoke-on-Trent is close to the Cheshire border.
- Herefordshire and parts of Worcestershire and Shropshire have a rhotic accent, somewhat like the West Country,[citation needed] and in some parts of these counties, the local accent mixes features with the Welsh accent, particularly in places closer to the English–Welsh border.
- In Warwickshire, the northern towns like Nuneaton and Bedworth have a similar accent to Coventry whereas southern Warwickshire generally have a southern accent.
Varieties of West Midlands English
edit- Black Country
- Brummie (spoken in Birmingham)
- Coventry
- Herefordshire (West Country accent)
- Cannock / Norton Canes / Brownhills (South Staffordshire)
- Potteries (North Staffordshire)
- Salopian (Shropshire)
- Warwickshire
- Worcestershire
References
edit- ^ Jeffries, Stuart (17 November 2013). "Black Country dialect: no more waggin' for Halesowen pupils". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 5 December 2024.
- ^ Bradley, Dave (19 August 2005). "You knows 'im don't ya? BBC Hereford and Worcester presenter Dave Bradley tells us his thoughts on accents and dialects". BBC Hereford and Worcester. Archived from the original on 19 February 2011.
- ^ Collins, Beverley; Mees, Inger M. (2002). The Phonetics of Dutch and English (5 ed.). Leiden/Boston: Brill Publishers. pp. 290–302.
- ^ Wells in Trudgill ed., Language in the British Isles, page 58, Cambridge University Press, 1984
Further reading
edit- Clark, Urszula (2004), "The English West Midlands: phonology", in Schneider, Edgar W.; Burridge, Kate; Kortmann, Bernd; Mesthrie, Rajend; Upton, Clive (eds.), A handbook of varieties of English, vol. 1: Phonology, Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 134–162, ISBN 3-11-017532-0
External links
edit- BL staff. "Sounds Familiar?". British Library. Retrieved 19 February 2012. – Listen to examples of regional accents and dialects from across the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
- BBC staff (November 2008). "Voices 2005:Hereford and Worcester". BBC Hereford and Worcester. Retrieved 19 February 2012.
- Lovell, Martyn (22 August 2005). "The voice of a Herefordshire farrier". BBC Hereford and Worcester. Retrieved 19 February 2012.