The term Other White, or White Other, is a classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom, used in documents such as the 2021 United Kingdom Census, to describe people who identify as white persons who are not of the English, Welsh, Scottish, Roma, Irish or Irish Traveller ethnic groupings.[5] In Scotland, the term Other White is also used to refer collectively to those not of Scottish or Other British ethnicity, in which case it also includes those of a Gypsy, Roma, Irish or Irish Traveller background.[6]
 Distribution by District (2011) | |
| Total population | |
|---|---|
 United Kingdom: 4,009,940 – 6.0% (2021/22 Census) England: 3,585,003 – 6.3% (2021)[1] Scotland: 254,336 – 4.7% (2022)[a][2] Wales: 82,994 – 2.7% (2021)[1]Northern Ireland: 87,607 – 4.6% (2021)[3] | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
| [citation needed] | |
| Languages | |
| British English, Polish, Romanian, Italian[citation needed] | |
| Religion | |
| Predominantly Christianity (60.4%); minority follows other faiths (6.0%)[b] or are irreligious (25.3%) 2021 census, England and Wales only[c][4] | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| White British, White Polish, Romanians in the United Kingdom, Italians in the United Kingdom |
The category does not comprise a single ethnic group; rather, it serves a means of identification for white individuals not represented by other white census categories. Consequently, the Other White group encompasses a diverse range of people, and includes those born in Britain and those born elsewhere.[5]
According to the 2021 United Kingdom census, those identifying as Other White in England & Wales enumerated 3,667,997, or 6.2% of the population.[7][8] The largest represented ethnic groups in the Other White category were Poles (614,000 people) and Romanians (343,000 people).[9] In Scotland, the largest represented ethnic groups classed as Other White were Poles (61,000 people) and Irish (54,000 people).[6]
In 2011, the Scottish Government introduced the category White Polish as a means of identifying the Polish diaspora in Scotland.[6]
Along with White British and White Irish, the Other White category does not appear in Northern Ireland, where only one "White" classification was presented to respondents.[10]
Demographics
edit| Region / Country | Population | Per cent of region | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| England | 3,585,003 | 6.35% | |||||
| Greater London | 1,290,838 | 14.67% | |||||
| South East | 586,569 | 6.32% | |||||
| East of England | 429,599 | 6.78% | |||||
| East Midlands | 258,438 | 5.30% | |||||
| South West | 257,594 | 4.52% | |||||
| North West | 253,487 | 3.42% | |||||
| West Midlands | 248,565 | 4.18% | |||||
| Yorkshire and The Humber | 208,130 | 3.80% | |||||
| North East | 51,783 | 1.96% | |||||
| Scotland[d] | 254,336 | 4.68% | |||||
| Northern Ireland | 87,607 | 4.60% | |||||
| Wales | 82,994 | 2.67% | |||||
Birthplace
edit
Year of arrival (2021 census, England and Wales)[13]
According to 2016 ONS Estimates, Other Whites enumerated 4,167,000, or 6.3% of the population in the United Kingdom.[14] However, their numbers, in line with a slight population decline in Polish and Romanian citizens in Britain, fell to 3,667,997 in England & Wales at the 2021 United Kingdom census.[15][16]
In the 2001 UK Census, the majority of people living in England and Wales ticking the 'Other White' ethnic group specified their ethnicity as European.[17] Four out of five of the 'Other White' category (i.e. not British or Irish) were born overseas. A third were born in a Western European country other than the UK, and one in seven were born in an Eastern European country.[17]
Outside of Europe, countries derived from former British colonies such as Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa and the United States were among the top ten birthplaces (which included the UK itself). This suggested that, in 2001, significant numbers of Canadian Britons, Australian Briton, New Zealand Britons, American Britons and South African Britons, such as those born abroad to British parents and returned to the UK as minors, identified as White Other. It may also be that those who identify as white Canadians, white Australians, white New Zealanders, white Americans or white South Africans have migrated to the country as adults.[17]
Religion
edit| Religion | England and Wales | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2011[18] | 2021[19] | |||
| Number | % | Number | % | |
 Christianity
|
1,617,833 | 65.08% | 2,202,595 | 60.05% |
| No religion | 464,911 | 18.70% | 933,703 | 25.46% |
 Islam
|
131,056 | 5.27% | 131,425 | 3.58% |
 Judaism
|
39,319 | 1.58% | 49,125 | 1.34% |
 Buddhism
|
9,275 | 0.37% | 9,658 | 0.26% |
 Hinduism
|
4,740 | 0.19% | 1,368 | 0.04% |
 Sikhism
|
1,795 | 0.07% | 607 | 0.02% |
| Other religions | 11,749 | 0.47% | 31,925 | 0.87% |
| Not Stated | 205,134 | 8.25% | 307,587 | 8.39% |
Society
editEconomic status
editThe Other White group is largely of working age, with only one in ten aged over 65 and one in seven under 16 at the time of the 2001 census. This does vary according to the stated country of birth, with people born in the UK being disproportionately young. Polish and Italian respondents had a larger proportion of over 65s,[17][dead link] which reflects the migration of Poles and Italians to Britain after the Second World War.[citation needed]
In 2019, the Other White group had a median hourly pay of £11.54 (8% less than the White British group).[20]
In 2021, the Other White group had an employment rate of 82% - the highest in England, Scotland and Wales.[21]
According to a 2022 Civitas report, Other White citizens have average wealth or assets of £53,200.[22]
| Ethnic group | Individual median wealth |
|---|---|
| White British | £166,700 |
| Indian | £144,400 |
| Black Caribbean | £85,000 |
| Chinese | £67,300 |
| White Other | £53,200 |
| Pakistani | £52,000 |
| Bangladeshi | £22,800 |
| Black African | £18,100 |
Detailed breakdown
edit| Ethnic group within the White Other Group (in England and Wales) | 2021[23] | |
|---|---|---|
| Population | % | |
| White: European Mixed | 646,118 | 1.1 |
| White: Polish | 614,344 | 1.0 |
| White: Romanian | 342,651 | 0.6 |
| White: Other White, White unspecified | 211,287 | 0.4 |
| White: Other Eastern European | 166,179 | 0.3 |
| White: Italian | 148,661 | 0.2 |
| White: Lithuanian | 97,217 | 0.2 |
| White: Portuguese | 93,608 | 0.2 |
| White: Bulgarian | 89,546 | 0.2 |
| White: North American | 82,985 | 0.1 |
| White: Spanish | 81,150 | 0.1 |
| White: French | 78,502 | 0.1 |
| White: Greek | 73,719 | 0.1 |
| White: German | 66,174 | 0.1 |
| White: Hungarian | 65,697 | 0.1 |
| White: Australian/New Zealander | 61,172 | 0.1 |
| White: Turkish | 61,102 | 0.1 |
| White: South African | 57,648 | 0.1 |
| White: Latvian | 48,070 | 0.1 |
| White: Russian | 44,662 | 0.1 |
| White: Albanian | 40,879 | 0.1 |
| White: Slovakian | 36,936 | 0.1 |
| White: Jewish | 34,105 | 0.1 |
| White: Hispanic or Latin American | 32,335 | 0.1 |
| White: Greek Cypriot | 29,472 | 0.0 |
| White: Czech | 25,023 | 0.0 |
| White: Brazilian | 24,221 | 0.0 |
| White: Dutch | 23,721 | 0.0 |
| White: Any other ethnic group | 22,309 | 0.0 |
| White: Other Mixed | 21,092 | 0.0 |
| White: Mixed Irish | 20,278 | 0.0 |
| White: White African | 20,273 | 0.0 |
| White: Ukrainian | 16,297 | 0.0 |
| White: Swedish | 16,132 | 0.0 |
| White: Kosovan | 13,145 | 0.0 |
| White: Danish | 9,453 | 0.0 |
| White: Turkish Cypriot | 9,398 | 0.0 |
| White: Serbian | 7,906 | 0.0 |
| White: Finnish | 7,892 | 0.0 |
| White: Belgian | 7,576 | 0.0 |
| White: Iranian | 7,356 | 0.0 |
| White: Swiss | 7,005 | 0.0 |
| White: Croatian | 6,995 | 0.0 |
| White: Norwegian | 6,814 | 0.0 |
| White: South American | 6,600 | 0.0 |
| White: Other Middle East | 6,527 | 0.0 |
| White: Cypriot (part not stated) | 5,956 | 0.0 |
| White: Austrian | 5,825 | 0.0 |
| White: Estonian | 5,147 | 0.0 |
| White: Kurdish | 5,091 | 0.0 |
| White: Maltese | 4,971 | 0.0 |
| White: Arab | 3,931 | 0.0 |
| White: Armenian | 3,807 | 0.0 |
| White: Slovenian | 3,719 | 0.0 |
| White: White Caribbean | 3,469 | 0.0 |
| White: Macedonian | 3,446 | 0.0 |
| White: Other North African | 3,375 | 0.0 |
| White: Moldovan | 3,207 | 0.0 |
| White: Mixed White | 2,991 | 0.0 |
| White: Israeli | 2,981 | 0.0 |
| White: African unspecified | 2,805 | 0.0 |
| White: Bosnian | 2,633 | 0.0 |
| White: Belarusian | 2,522 | 0.0 |
| White: Argentinian | 2,156 | 0.0 |
| White: Georgian | 2,149 | 0.0 |
| White: White and North African or Middle Eastern | 2,035 | 0.0 |
| White: Colombian | 1,976 | 0.0 |
| White: Zimbabwean | 1,803 | 0.0 |
| White: Algerian | 1,776 | 0.0 |
- Other White ethnic groups with above 50,000 population as population pyramids in 2021
-
White European Mixed -
White Polish -
White Romanian -
White Italian -
White German -
White: Other White or White Unspecified -
White Greek -
White Australian+New Zealander -
White Hungarian -
White Turkish -
White Spanish -
White South African -
White Bulgarian -
White North American -
White French -
White Portuguese -
White Lithuanians
See also
edit- Albanians in the United Kingdom
- Americans in the United Kingdom
- Australians in the United Kingdom
- Austrians in the United Kingdom
- Baltic people in the United Kingdom
- Bulgarians in the United Kingdom
- Canadians in the United Kingdom
- Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom
- Czechs in the United Kingdom
- Dutch people in the United Kingdom
- British Jews
- Germans in the United Kingdom
- Greeks in the United Kingdom
- Hungarians in the United Kingdom
- Italians in the United Kingdom
- History of the Jews in the United Kingdom
- Kosovans in the United Kingdom
- New Zealanders in the United Kingdom
- Poles in the United Kingdom
- Portuguese in the United Kingdom
- Romanians in the United Kingdom
- Russians in the United Kingdom
- Scandinavian migration to Britain
- Serbs in the United Kingdom
- Slovenes in the United Kingdom
- South Africans in the United Kingdom
- Spaniards in the United Kingdom
- Swedes in the United Kingdom
- Turkish people in the United Kingdom
References
edit- ^ a b "Ethnic group, England and Wales: Census 2021". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
- ^ a b "Scotland's Census 2022 - Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion - Chart data". Scotland's Census. National Records of Scotland. 21 May 2024. Retrieved 21 May 2024. Alternative URL 'Search data by location' > 'All of Scotland' > 'Ethnic group, national identity, language and religion' > 'Ethnic Group'
- ^ a b "Racial Equality (The Executive Office)". Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. 22 September 2023. Retrieved 7 January 2024.
- ^ "RM031 - Ethnic group by religion". Nomis: Official Census and Labour Market Statistics. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
- ^ a b "List of ethnic groups". www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
- ^ a b c "Scotland's Census at a glance: Ethnic groups". Scotland's Census. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
- ^ "Ethnic group, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
- ^ "Ethnic group - Census Maps, ONS". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-29.
- ^ "Ethnic group, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2023-11-21.
- ^ "Harmonised Concepts and Questions for Social Data Sources: Primary Standards – Ethnic Group" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. April 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 January 2010. Retrieved 21 August 2010.
- ^ "Ethnic group - England and Wales regions". Office for National Statistics. 29 November 2022. Retrieved 30 November 2022.
- ^ "Country of birth (extended) and ethnic group". Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 March 2023.
- ^ "Ethnic group and year of arrival in the uk - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2023-07-08.
- ^ "Research report on population estimates by characteristics - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
- ^ "Ethnic group, England and Wales - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
- ^ "UK Loses EU Nationals in a Year of Brexit and Pandemic Shocks". Bloomberg.com. 2022-05-26. Retrieved 2022-11-30.
- ^ a b c d Gardener, David; Connolly, Helen (October 2005). "Who are the 'Other' ethnic groups?" (PDF). Office for National Statistics. Archived from the original (PDF) on May 28, 2008. Retrieved 22 June 2008.
- ^ "DC2201EW - Ethnic group and religion" (Spreadsheet). ONS. 15 September 2015. Retrieved 14 January 2016. Size: 21Kb.
- ^ "Ethnic group by religion - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
- ^ "Ethnicity pay gaps - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. 12 October 2020. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ "Employment". www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
- ^ Norrie, Richard (February 2022). "In defence of British openness" (PDF). Retrieved 15 March 2023.
- ^ "Ethnic group (detailed) - Office for National Statistics". www.ons.gov.uk. Retrieved 2023-01-25.
- ^ Includes the White Polish ethnic category (90,736) alongside the 'Other White' ethnic category (163,600) to ensure consistent comparisons with other constituent countries
- ^ Including Islam (3.5%), Judaism (1.3%), Buddhism (0.3%), Hinduism (0.04%), Sikhism (0.02%), Alevism and others
- ^ Figures include Other White as well as 'Gypsy or Irish Traveller' or 'Roma'
- ^ Scotland held its census a year later after England and Wales due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, the data shown is from 2022 as opposed to 2021.