A Wi-Fi deauthentication attack is a type of denial-of-service attack that _targets communication between a user and a Wi-Fi wireless access point.
Technical details
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Unlike most radio jammers, deauthentication acts in a unique way. The IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi) protocol contains the provision for a deauthentication frame. Sending the frame from the access point to a station is called a "sanctioned technique to inform a rogue station that they have been disconnected from the network".[1]
An attacker can send a deauthentication frame at any time to a wireless access point, with a spoofed address for the victim. The protocol does not require any encryption for this frame, even when the session was established with Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP), WPA or WPA2 for data privacy, and the attacker only needs to know the victim's MAC address, which is available in the clear through wireless network sniffing.[2][3]
Usage
editEvil twin access points
editOne of the main purposes of deauthentication used in the hacking community is to force clients to connect to an evil twin access point which then can be used to capture network packets transferred between the client and the access point.
The attacker conducts a deauthentication attack to the _target client, disconnecting it from its current network, thus allowing the client to automatically connect to the evil twin access point.
Password attacks
editIn order to mount a brute-force or dictionary based WPA password cracking attack on a Wi‑Fi user with WPA or WPA2 enabled, a hacker must first sniff the WPA 4-way handshake. The user can be elicited to provide this sequence by first forcing them offline with the deauthentication attack.[4]
Attacks on hotel guests and convention attendees
editThe Federal Communications Commission has fined hotels and other companies for launching deauthentication attacks on their own guests; the purpose being to drive them off their own personal hotspots and force them to pay for on-site Wi-Fi services.[5][6][7][8][9]
Toolsets
editAircrack-ng suite, MDK3, Void11, Scapy, and Zulu software can mount a Wi‑Fi deauthentication attack.[10] Aireplay-ng, an aircrack-ng suite tool, can run a deauthentication attack by executing a one-line command:
aireplay-ng -0 1 -a xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx -c yy:yy:yy:yy:yy:yy wlan0
-0arms deauthentication attack mode1is the number of deauths to send; use 0 for infinite deauths-a xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xxis the AP (access point) MAC (Media Access Control) address-c yy:yy:yy:yy:yy:yyis the _target client MAC address; omit to deauthenticate all clients on APwlan0is the NIC (Network Interface Card)
Pineapple rogue access point can issue a deauth attack.[11][12]
See also
edit- Radio jamming
- IEEE 802.11w – offers increased security of its management frames including authentication/deauthentication
References
edit- ^ Joshua Wright (2005), Weaknesses in Wireless LAN Session Containment (PDF)
- ^ Mateti, Prabhaker (2005), Hacking Techniques in Wireless Networks: Forged Deauthentication, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Wright State University, archived from the original on 2020-07-14, retrieved 2015-08-18
- ^ Bellardo, John; Savage, Stefan (2003-05-16), "802.11 Denial-of-Service Attacks: Real Vulnerabilities and Practical Solutions", Proceedings of the USENIX Security Symposium, Aug 2003 – via Cal Poly (Deauthentication Attack chapter link)
- ^ Wireless Security Series Part I: Detoolauthentication Attacks by AirMagnet Intrusion Detection Research Team, Fluke Networks, archived from the original on 2016-03-18, retrieved 2015-08-18
- ^ Katia Hetter (October 4, 2014), Marriott fined $600,000 by FCC for blocking guests' Wi-Fi, CNN
- ^ Nicholas Deleon (August 18, 2015), "FCC Fines Hotel Wi-Fi Provider for Blocking Personal Hotspots", Vice
- ^
Order and consent decree — In the Matter of SMART CITY HOLDINGS, LLC (PDF), Federal Communications Commission, August 18, 2015, DA 15-917,
The complaint charged that its customers could not connect to the Internet using the complainant's equipment at several venues where Smart City operates or manages the Wi-Fi access. Specifically, the complainant alleged that Smart City transmitted deauthentication frames to prevent the complainant's customers' use of their Wi-Fi equipment. ... Smart City's responses [to FCC Letters of Inquiry] revealed that, at several venues where it managed or operated Wi-Fi systems, it automatically transmitted deauthentication frames to prevent Wi-Fi users whose devices produced a received signal strength above a preset power level at Smart City access points from establishing or maintaining a Wi-Fi network independent of Smart City's network.
- ^ Mike Masnick (October 3, 2014), "FCC Fines Marriott For Jamming Customers' WiFi Hotspots To Push Them Onto Hotel's $1,000 Per Device WiFi", Tech Dirt
- ^ Thomas Claburn (October 4, 2014), "Marriott Pays $600,000 For Jamming WiFi Hotspots", Information Week
- ^ Deauthentication, Aircrack-ng
- ^ Declan McCullagh (March 10, 2012), Five ways to protect yourself from Wi-Fi honeypots, CNet
- ^ Darren Kitchen (January 14, 2015), "WiFi Deauth Attacks, Downloading YouTube, Quadcopters and Capacitors", Hak5, episode 1722
Further reading
edit- Nguyen, Thuc D.; Nguyen, Duc H. M.; Tran, Bao N.; Vu, Hai; Mittal, Neeraj (August 2008), "A Lightweight Solution for Defending against Deauthentication/Disassociation Attacks on 802.11 Networks", Proceedings of the 17th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), St. Thomas, Virgin Islands, USA, pp. 185–190, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.310.1319, doi:10.1109/ICCCN.2008.ECP.51, ISBN 978-1-4244-2389-7, S2CID 14833574(subscription required)
- author's link (no paywall)
- GPS, Wi-Fi, and Cell Phone Jammers — FCC FAQ