Wikipedia:Conservation status

These conservation status categories are used in Wikipedia articles.

For threatened species and species believed to have become extinct after 1500, the categories are based on the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources) Red List 1994 or 2001 categories. Such species should be classified using the IUCN criteria directly using the most up-to-date database; the criteria given here are only a summary.

Category systems

"global?" in descriptions means "Is the species entire (global) range assessed?"

Global

IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria v3.1 (since 2001)

status_system: IUCN3.1
global?: Yes (except "stocks and populations")
status: EX EW CR EN VU NT LC DD NE PE PEW
status_ref: {{Cite iucn}}
Link: [1] (criteria); [2] (search)
Notes: PE and PEW (Probably Extinct and Probably Extinct in the Wild) are not official IUCN categories, but PE has been adopted by Birdlife International, and the terms appear within the IUCN Red List entries.; EX = Extinct; EW = Extinct in the wild; CR = Critically Endangered; EN = Endangered; VU = Vulnerable; NT = Near Threatened; LC = Least Concern; DD = Data deficient; NE = Not evaluated; PE = Probably extinct (informal) – displays CR status image with caption: Critically endangered, possibly extinct; PEW = Probably extinct in the wild (informal) – CR status image with caption: Critically endangered, possibly extinct in the wild; NR = outputs "Not recognized"; use of this value is deprecated

IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria v2.3 (1994-2000)

status_system: IUCN2.3
global?: Yes (except "stocks and populations")
status: EX EW CR EN VU LR/cd LR/nt LR/lc DD NE PE PEW
status_ref: <ref name="iucn">{{IUCN2008}}</ref>
Link: [3]
Notes: LR/cd = Lower Risk (conservation dependent). Other as per IUCN 3.1

CITES

status_system: CITES
global?: Yes (except Appendix III)
status: CITES_A1 CITES_A2
status_ref
Link: CITES appendices valid from September 13, 2007
Notes: Only Appendix I and II ("CITES_A1", "CITES_A2") are valid for Wikipedia.

Appendix I contains highly threatened species; most of these are assessed by IUCN or TNC too however.
Appendix II includes lesser-threatened and look-alike species; this status may be used for the former if no formal status evaluation by IUCN etc exists.
Appendix III does not include globally threatened species; "CITES_A3" is not to be used anymore.

TNC (NatureServe) G-ranks and T-ranks

status_system: TNC
global?: Yes. The G- and T- ranks are global for species and infraspecific taxa, respectively (link). The non-global N- and S- ranks, for National (N) and Subnational (state/province) assessments, are not supported by the taxobox system.
status: GX GH G1 G2 G3 G3 G4 G5 GU ~~GNR~~ TX TH T1 T2 T3 T3 T4 T5 TU
status_ref: {{Cite NatureServe}}
Link: [4] Archived 2009-02-05 at the Wayback Machine
Notes: Does not cover range ranks, uncertain ranks, C qualifier. This is a technical (non-deliberate) limitation.

Wikipedia specific

status_system: none
global?: Yes
status: DOM Pre Fossil
Link: Explanatory notes
Notes: Domesticated, Prehistoric, and Fossil. Domesticated animals should still use IUCN categories when available for wild populations. No category assigned for "cultivated" (domesticated plants). Note that "domesticated" is a dubious category, not assigned by conservation groups.

Country-specific

These should only be used if they a) apply to the global population and b) if no global system has assessed the species yet.

Australia: EPBC (national)

status_system: EPBC
global?: No
status: EX EW CR EN VU CD DL
status_ref
Link: Act 1999 & Regulations 2000 Archived 2007-01-25 at the Wayback Machine
Page linking to EPBCA species lists
Notes: Category abbreviations are not official. DL (Delisted) should only be used on Wikipedia if a species is delisted because it is no longer threatened.

Australia: DECF (Western Australia)

DEC's Declared Rare and Priority Flora List categories. (Western Australia)

status_system: DECF
global?: No
status: X R P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 DL
status_ref
Link
Notes: DL is for Delisted

Australia: QLDNCA (Queensland)

status_system: QLDNCA
global?: No
status: EX EW CR EN VU NT R VU LC
status_ref
Link: Listing and changing the conservation status of Queensland species
Notes

Australia: NSWBCA (New South Wales)

status_system: NSWBCA
global?: No
status: CR EN VU
status_ref
Link: Listing of species and ecological communities
Notes

Canada: COSEWIC Species at Risk Act/SARA

status_system: COSEWIC
global?: No (Canada only)
status: X XT E T SC NAR DD
status_ref
Link: Species at Risk website
Notes: Should only be used for endemic species, as it does not assess global range.

USA: ESA

status_system: ESA
global?: Yes
status: EX LE LT DL
status_ref
Link: [5] (ESA legal code)
[6] (USFWS ESP species search)
Notes: EX = extinct (ESA status D3A - "delisted, apparently extinct"); LE = Listed Endangered.; LT = Listed Threatened; DL = Delisted – should only be used on Wikipedia if a species is delisted because it is no longer threatened (ESA status D3C, DM, and possibly DO and DP)

New Zealand: NZTCS

status_system: NZTCS
global?: No (New Zealand only)
status: EX NC NE NV D R REL NU
status_ref
Link: New Zealand Threat Classification System Manual (2008), New Zealand Department of Conservation
Notes: Should only be used for endemic New Zealand species, as it does not assess global range.; EX = Extinct; NC = Nationally Critical; NE = Nationally Endangered; NV = Nationally Vulnerable; D = Declining; R = Recovering; Rel = Relict; NU = Naturally Uncommon

Detailed IUCN categories

Lower Risk (LR) was a catch-all category which includes common species as well as those for which there may be conservation concern, but which do not warrant a higher category. This category was removed in the IUCN 3.x criteria, promoting its subcategories to full categories.
- LR/cd (Conservation Dependent, now part of NT), stable and sizable populations depend on sustained conservation activity. (this category was absorbed by NT in 3.x)
- NT (Near Threatened, formerly LR/nt), close to qualifying for listing as Vulnerable but not fully meeting those criteria; slowly declining or fairly small populations but probably no danger of going extinct even without conservation activity in the foreseeable future, or threats suspected to affect taxon in the near future but still avoidable.
- LC (Least Concern, formally LR/lc), species that have been evaluated and found to be so common that no conservation concern is projected in the foreseeable future.

Examples: LR/cd: Coast Redwood; LR/nt: Bigcone Douglas-fir; LR/lc: Leopard (the species as a whole), Orca, House Sparrow.

Vulnerable (VU): faces a considerable risk of extinction in the medium term.

Examples: Ring-tailed Lemur, Great White Shark, Royal Poinciana.

Endangered (EN): faces a high risk of extinction in the near future.

Examples: Blue Whale, Desert Bighorn Sheep, Giant Panda, Black-footed ferret (still "EW" on the IUCN Red List because last reviewed in 1996; currently EN according to ESA or G1 according to the more precise TNC G-ranks).

Critically Endangered (CR): faces an extremely high risk of extinction in the immediate future.

Examples: Slender-billed Curlew, Spanish Lynx, Red Wolf.

Extinct in the Wild (EW): captive individuals survive, and/or the species has been reintroduced outside its former natural range, but the species otherwise matches the criteria for "Extinct", such that no free-living, natural population is believed to exist. "Extirpated" is a term used for localized extinctions of extant species; it always refers to a specific area where the species no longer exists.

Examples: Hawaiian Crow, Scimitar Oryx.

Extinct (EX): extensive and appropriate surveys have failed to record any living members. The last remaining member is known or strongly suspected to have died later than 1500.

Examples: Thylacine, Dodo, Huia.

Data Deficient (DD): a taxon is listed as Data deficient when there is inadequate information to make an assessment of its risk category, either through lack of knowledge of population size, threats to it, or to taxonomic uncertainty of the validity of the taxon, but where indications of a major threat or decline do not exist either.

Examples: Scottish Crossbill (taxonomic uncertainty with respect to Parrot Crossbill), Yunnan Cypress (lack of knowledge of wild population size but widespread as ornamental tree). Both taxa would likely be classified as NT or VU if sufficient data were available.

Not evaluated (NE): taxa whose conservation status has not been assessed to date. Many species have not been evaluated. This may be due to them being too recently described to be included in the latest IUCN red book. Any extant taxa that cannot be found with the IUCN Red List can be considered NE within IUCN, and the status field should be left blank, unless they are found within another system (e.g. TNC Archived 2009-07-28 at the Wayback Machine, EPBC, ESA, UNEP-WCMC Archived 2011-04-12 at the Wayback Machine).

Examples: Common species of insects often fall into this category.

Special Wikipedia categories

The following additional categories cover species that fall outside the scope of the IUCN Red List. The IUCN criteria are authoritative and should be used directly if applicable.

Domesticated: no immediate threat to the survival of the species.^{[dubious – discuss]} This category overlaps Least Concern but has been applied to domesticated animals, for which the IUCN criteria are not valid. Examples: Cat, Dog, Llama. However many species will use the IUCN category for the wild population. E.g. Golden Hamster.

Critical (Possibly Extinct) CR (PE), a semi-official category introduced by BirdLife International and likely to be adopted by other authorities including the IUCN in the near future. The weight of evidence points against the continuing existence of the taxon, but final surveys are still pending. Examples: Eskimo Curlew, Turquoise-throated Puffleg.

Prehistoric: somewhere between Extinct and Fossil: the species went extinct before 1500. A major part of the species' remains exist in a subfossil state. This is of particular use in human evolution, as molecular analysis of the specimens can be compared against that of other modern and prehistoric specimens. Examples: Mammuthus exilis, Cave lion, the Neanderthal human, most moa and Hawaiian honeycreeper extinctions. Generally speaking, this encompasses pre-Western contact Late Quaternary extinctions. In other words, it has evolved.

Fossil: The species is only known from completely fossilized material records; there may be a few chance finds of preserved tissue, but organic matter of these species is generally nonexistent and has been replaced by minerals. Examples: Tyrannosaurus rex, Australopithecus, Ammonites.

It should be noted that scientific literature does not usually distinguish between fossil and subfossil specimens. Generally, if molecular analysis or radiocarbon dating can be routinely carried out on specimens of a taxon, the taxon is classified as "Prehistoric". The recent discoveries of what seems to be minute amounts of preserved soft tissue in some dinosaur specimens, on the other hand, would not alter their "Fossil" status. As a rule of thumb, taxa extinct in the recent 50-30.000 years would possibly qualify as "Prehistoric".

Examples and categories

Category:Domesticated animals(edit talk links history) for DOM
Category:Invalid conservation status(edit talk links history) for LR - please use LR/lc, LR/nt, or LR/cd, instead.
Category:Endangered species(edit talk links history) for EN
Category:Critically endangered species(edit talk links history) for CR and PE
Category:Species extinct in the wild(edit talk links history) for EW
Template:Taxobox(edit talk links history)
Taxobox usage (status codes)

Please do not use a conservation status that has not been officially given by an authoritative source. Your own judgement may be considered original research, which is against Wikipedia policy to include.

External links

IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria (2011)
BirdLife International species database - default reference work for conservation status of Recent avian taxa.