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William Butler Ogden (June 15, 1805 – August 3, 1877) was an American politician and railroad executive who served as the first Mayor of Chicago.[2] He was referred to as "the Astor of Chicago."[2] He was, at one time, the city's richest citizen.[3] He brought the Galena & Chicago Union RR out of insolvency and was its first president in 1847. He created the Chicago & North Western Railway from the failed remains of the Chicago, St.Paul, Fond du Lac and was its first president in 1859. He spearheaded the 1st transcontinental railroad as the Union Pacific and was its first president in 1862 [although he relinquished that position due to health.][4][5]
William Butler Ogden | |
|---|---|
 | |
| 1st Mayor of Chicago | |
| In office May 1837 – March 1838 | |
| Preceded by | John H. Kinzie (president of town Board of Trustees) |
| Succeeded by | Buckner Stith Morris |
| Member of the New York State Assembly | |
| In office January 1, 1835 – December 31, 1835 | |
| Constituency | Delaware County, New York |
| Chicago Alderman[1] | |
| In office 1847–1848 Serving with Michael McDonald | |
| Preceded by | constituency established |
| Succeeded by | Samuel McKay |
| Constituency | 9th Ward |
| In office 1840–1841 Serving with R.J. Hamilton | |
| Preceded by | John H. Kinzie/ Buckner Stith Morris |
| Succeeded by | George F. Foster/ James J.H. Howe |
| Constituency | 6th Ward |
| Personal details | |
| Born | June 15, 1805 Walton, New York |
| Died | August 3, 1877 (aged 72) New York City |
| Political party | Democratic (Before 1860) |
| Other political affiliations | Republican (Beginning in 1860) |
| Spouse | Marianna Tuttle Arnot |
| Education | New York University Law School |
| Occupation | Real Estate Developer |
Early life
editOgden was born on June 15, 1805, in Walton, New York. He was the son of Abraham Ogden (1771–1825) and Abigail (née Weed) Ogden (1788–1850).[6]
When still a teenager, his father died and Ogden took over the family real estate business. He assisted Charles Butler, his brother-in-law, with business matters related to opening a new building for New York University, attending the law school for a brief period himself.
Career
editPolitical career
editThe first political position Ogden held was as Postmaster of Walton, New York, having been appointed by President Andrew Jackson to the position.[7]
He was a member of the New York State Assembly (Delaware Co.) in 1835.[8]
During his career in New York politics, Ogden was a Jacksonian Democrat.[7] However, Ogden was also an advocate of government funding for infrastructural improvements, aspiring to see the federal government financially back the construction of a railroad from New York to Chicago.[7] He told colleagues that such a railroad would be "the most splendid system of internal communication ever yet devised by man."[7] He had been elected to the New York Senate on a platform supporting state funding for the construction of the New York and Erie Railroad.[7] The bill he backed to accomplish this was passed.[7]
While Ogden's initial concern in Chicago was based in his land interests there, he believed that he could not afford to stay out of the politics of the city, as he believed growing western towns such as Chicago were dependent on government assistance.[7]
Shortly after moving to Chicago in 1836, Ogden joined the committee responsible for drafting the city charter to be submitted to the state legislature.[7]
In 1837, he was elected the first mayor of Chicago, serving a single one-year term.[2][1] From 1840 through 1841, he served on the Chicago Common Council as an alderman from the 6th Ward.[1] From 1847 through 1848, he served as an alderman from the 9th Ward.[1]
Ogden was a booster of Chicago both during and after his tenures in elected office.[7] At the time he came to Chicago, its buildings were largely wood cabins, it lacked sidewalks and decent bridges, it had no paved roads, and it lacked water supply infrastructure.[7] As a politician he advocated for the city to raise tax revenue for new roads, plank sidewalks, and bridges (which he presented designs of his own for).[7] He also used his own wealth to fund improvements to the city's infrastructure.[7]
Railroad career
editOgden was a leading promoter and investor in the Illinois and Michigan Canal, then switched his loyalty to railroads. Throughout his later life, Ogden was heavily involved in the building of several railroads.
"In 1847, Ogden announced a plan to build a railway out of Chicago, but no capital was forthcoming. Eastern investors were wary of Chicago's reputation for irrational boosterism, and Chicagoans did not want to divert traffic from their profitable canal works. So Ogden and his partner J. Young Scammon solicited subscriptions from the farmers and small businessmen whose land lay adjacent to the proposed rail. Farmer's wives used the money they earned from selling eggs to buy shares of stock on a monthly payment plan. By 1848, Ogden and Scammon had raised $350,000[a]—enough to begin laying track. The Galena and Chicago Union Railroad was profitable from the start and eventually extended out to Wisconsin, bringing grain from the Great Plains into the city. As president of Union Pacific, Ogden extended the reach of Chicago's rail lines to the West coast."[10]
In 1853, the Chicago Land Company, of which Ogden was a trustee, purchased land at a bend in the Chicago River and began to cut a channel, formally known as North Branch Canal, but also referred to as Ogden's Canal.[11] The resulting island is now known as Goose Island.
In 1857, Ogden created the Chicago Dock and Canal Company.[12]
Ogden designed the first swing bridge over the Chicago River[13] and donated the land for Rush Medical Center. Ogden was also a founder of the Chicago Board of Trade.[14]
Ogden served on the board of the Mississippi and Missouri Railroad and lobbied with many others for congressional approval and funding of the transcontinental railroad. After the 1862 Pacific Railroad Act, Ogden was named as the first president of the Union Pacific Railroad. Ogden was a good choice for the first president, but his railroad experience was most likely not the primary reason he was chosen; Ogden was a clever man who had many political connections. When Ogden came to lead the Union Pacific, the railroad was not fully funded and had not yet laid a single mile of track. The railroad existed largely on paper created by an act of Congress. As part of the 1862 Pacific Railroad Act, Congress named several existing railroad companies to complete portions of the project. Several key areas needed to link the East (Chicago) to the West had none, and hence the Union Pacific was formed by Congress.[15]
During the early days of railroading Ogden had begun building Northwestern railroads connecting Chicago with cities like Janesville, Fond du Lac and St. Paul/St. Anthony. In 1856 this was the Chicago, St. Anthony and Fond du Lac Railroad [16] but the financial panic beginning in 1857 caused the collapse of this project. Fortunately Ogden's long time personal reputation and character helped him get many supporters putting together resources to reorganize as the Chicago & North Western Railway the following year of which he was president from 1859 to 1868. [17][18]
While his failing health precluded as active a participation as in his earlier years, his Vice President, Perry Smith and Supt. George L Dunlap carried over from the Fond du Lac era, kept things progressing until 1864 when a Grand Consolidation took place with the Galena & Chicago Union Railroad.[19] This new C&NW was able to cross Iowa to the Missouri River at Council Bluffs and join with Ogden's other project, the Union Pacific Transcontinental railroad in Omaha. By 1867 he could see his beloved Chicago connected by rail with California.
Ogden was a fierce supporter of the transcontinental railroad at a time of great unrest for the country and was quoted as saying:
This project must be carried through by even-handed wise consideration and a patriotic course of policy which shall inspire capitalists of the country with confidence. Speculation is as fatal to it as secession is to the Union. Whoever speculates will damn this project.[citation needed]
As history now shows, eventually Ogden and many others got their wish.
Later life
edit
On October 8, 1871, Ogden lost most of his prized possessions in the Great Chicago Fire. He also owned a lumber company in Peshtigo, Wisconsin, which burned the same day.
Personal life
edit
He married Marianna Tuttle Arnot (1825–1904).[6] Marianna was the daughter of Scottish born John Arnot and Harriet (née Tuttle) Arnot.[6] In New York, he named his home in the Highbridge, Bronx (named after the bridge now called Aqueduct Bridge over the Harlem River connecting Manhattan and the Bronx) Villa Boscobel.[2]
Ogden died at his home in the Bronx on Friday, August 3, 1877.[2] The funeral was held August 6, 1877, with several prominent pallbearers including, Gouverneur Morris III, William A. Booth, Parke Godwin, Oswald Ottendorfer, William C. Sheldon, Martin Zborowski, and Andrew H. Green.[20] He was interred at Woodlawn Cemetery, Bronx.[20]
Ogden, who had no children, left behind an estate valued at $10 million[b] in 1877.[12] Some of the money was used to fund a graduate school of science at the Old University of Chicago.[12] Much was left to his niece Eleanor Wheeler, who married Alexander C. McClurg.[12][21]
Legacy
editNamesakes of William B. Ogden include a stretch of U.S. Highway 34, called Ogden Avenue in Chicago and its suburbs, Ogden International School of Chicago, which is located on Walton Street in Chicago, and Ogden Slip, a man-made harbor near the mouth of the Chicago River. Ogden Avenue in The Bronx is also named after him, as is Ogden, Iowa.[22] The Arnot-Odgen Memorial Hospital, founded by his wife Mariana, also bears his namesake. Following his death, William B. Ogden left money to his hometown of Walton, New York, which was used for the construction of a library, completed in 1897, which bears his name, the William B. Ogden Free Library, and is still in use today.
See also
editFootnotes
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d "Centennial List of Mayors, City Clerks, City Attorneys, City Treasurers, and Aldermen, elected by the people of the city of Chicago, from the incorporation of the city on March 4, 1837 to March 4, 1937, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the years during which each official held office". Archived from the original on September 4, 2018. Retrieved December 24, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e "A Representative American". The New York Times. August 4, 1877. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- ^ Jentz, John B.; Schneirov, Richard (April 15, 2012). Chicago in the Age of Capital: Class, Politics, and Democracy during the Civil War and Reconstruction. University of Illinois Press. p. 41. ISBN 9780252093951. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
- ^ "William B. Ogden".
- ^ "William B. Ogden".
- ^ a b c Van Alstyne, Lawrence (1907). The Ogden Family, Elizabethtown Branch. New Haven, CT: Tuttle, Morehouse & Taylor Press. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Miller, Donald L. (2014). City of the Century: The Epic of Chicago and the Making of America. Rosetta Books. pp. 97–99. ISBN 978-0-7953-3985-1. Retrieved May 17, 2020.
- ^ Merriner, James L. (2004). Grafters and Goo Goos: Corruption and Reform in Chicago, 1833–2003. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 19. ISBN 0-8093-2571-3.
- ^ a b 1634–1699: McCusker, J. J. (1997). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1700–1799: McCusker, J. J. (1992). How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States (PDF). American Antiquarian Society. 1800–present: Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. "Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–". Retrieved February 29, 2024.
- ^ "William Butler Ogden". American Experience. PBS. 2003. Retrieved January 7, 2009.
- ^ Hill, Libby (2000). The Chicago River: A Natural and Unnatural History. Chicago: Lake Claremont Press. pp. 85–86. ISBN 1-893121-02-X.
- ^ a b c d McKinney, Megan (September 1, 2019). "William Ogden Dynasty in Chicago | Classic Chicago Magazine". www.classicchicagomagazine.com. Classic Chicago Magazine. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
- ^ Merriner, James L. (2004). Grafters and Goo Goos: Corruption and Reform in Chicago, 1833–2003. Carbondale, IL: Southern Illinois University Press. p. 20. ISBN 0-8093-2571-3.
- ^ Taylor, Charles Henry. History Of The Board Of Trade Of The City Of Chicago. Chicago: R. O. Law, 1917.
- ^ "William B. Ogden".
- ^ "The United States railroad directory, for 1856". New York, B. Homans. 1856.
- ^ "William B. Ogden".
- ^ "Ashcroft's railway directory for 1862". 1862.
- ^ "Ashcroft's railway directory for 1865". 1862.
- ^ a b "Funeral of William B. Ogden. Simple and Impressive Services in St. James' Church at Fordham--Bishop Clarkson's Discourse Upon The Dead Millionaire's Life and Its Lessons". The New York Times. August 7, 1877. Retrieved April 5, 2018.
- ^ McKinney, Megan (March 13, 2021). "The City's Earliest Enduring Dynasty". www.classicchicagomagazine.com. Classic Chicago Magazine. Retrieved January 4, 2022.
- ^ Harpster, Jack (2009). The Railroad Tycoon who Built Chicago: A Biography of William B. Ogden. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 9780809329175.