Sir William Waller (c.1639 – 18 July 1699) was an English justice and politician from Middlesex. He was active against Roman Catholics during the alleged Popish Plot 1678-1679 and was removed from the commission of the peace in April 1680 for his overzealousness. He sat in the House of Commons between 1680 and 1682 when he fled to Holland although he retained the seat until 1685. He returned to England with Prince of Orange in November 1688.[1]
Biography
editWaller was son of Sir William Waller (1597?–1668), the famous Parliamentary Civil War general, and his second wife, Anne Finch. He was educated at Leiden University and afterwards travelled abroad.[2] He inherited Osterley Park on the death of his father and sold it in 1670.[3]
Waller distinguished himself during the period of the Popish Plot by his activity as a Middlesex justice in catching priests, burning Roman Catholic books and vestments, and getting up evidence.[4] He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1679,[5] and early 1680 he was the discoverer of the meal-tub plot and one of the witnesses against Edward Fitzharris.[6] In April 1680 the king put him out of the commission of the peace.[7]
Waller was elected Member of Parliament for Westminster in 1680 and 1681.[3] During the reaction which followed he fled to Amsterdam, of which city he was admitted a burgher.[8] In 1683 and the following year he was at Bremen, of which place Lord Preston, the English ambassador at Paris, describes him as governor. Other political exiles gathered round him, and it became the nest of all the persons accused of the last conspiracy, i.e. the Rye House Plot. "They style Waller, by way of commendation, a second Cromwell", adds Preston.[9] In 1685 wrote an anti-catholic pamphlet, The Tragical History of Jetzer.[4]
When the Prince of Orange invaded England in 1688 (during the Glorious Revolution), Waller accompanied him, and he was with the prince at Exeter.[10] William, however, would give him no employment.[11] He died in poverty on 18 July 1699.[12][3]
Popular culture
editWaller was satirised as "Industrious Arod" in the second part of Absalom and Achitophel (ll. 534–55):
The labours of this midnight magistrate
Might vie with Corah's to preserve the State.
He is very often introduced in the ballads and caricatures of the Exclusion Bill and Popish plot times.[13]
Family
editWaller had married Catherine, the daughter of Bussy Mansel of Briton Ferry, Glamorgan.[2]
Notes
edit- ^ Lee 1903, p. 1357.
- ^ a b Marshall 2004.
- ^ a b c Cruickshanks & Henning 1983.
- ^ a b Firth 1899, p. 135.
- ^ Royal Society 2012, NA7399.
- ^ Firth 1899, p. 135 cites: North, Examen, pp. 262, 277, 290; Luttrell, Diary, i. 7, 29, 69.
- ^ Firth 1899, p. 135 cites: Luttrell, Diary, i. 39.
- ^ Firth 1899, p. 135 cites: Christie, Life of Shaftesbury, ii. 452, 455.
- ^ Firth 1899, p. 135 cites: Hist. MSS. Comm. 7th Rep. pp. 296, 311, 347, 386.
- ^ Firth 1899, p. 135 cites: Hist. MSS. Comm. 7th Rep. pp. 417, 423; Reresby, Diary, p. 410.
- ^ Firth 1899, p. 135 cites: Foxcroft, Life of Halifax, ii. 215, 224.
- ^ Firth 1899, p. 135 cites: Luttrell, iv. 538.
- ^ Firth 1899, p. 135 notes Catalogue of Satirical Prints in the British Museum, i. 609, 643, 650; Roxburghe Ballads, ed. Ballad Society, iv. 155, 177, 181; Loyal Poems collected by Nat Thompson, 1685, p. 117.
References
edit- Cruickshanks, Eveline; Henning, Basil Duke (1983). Henning, B.D (ed.). "WALLER, Sir William II (c.1639-99), of Strutton Ground, Westminster". The History of Parliament: the House of Commons 1660-1690. History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 4 August 2012.
- Lee, Sidney (1903). Dictionary of National Biography: Index and Epitome. p. 1357.
- Marshall, Alan (2004). "Waller, Sir William (c.1639–1699)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/28562. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- Royal Society (2012). "Waller; Sir; William (c 1639 - 1699) (NA7399)". Library archive. Royal Society.
Attribution
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Firth, Charles Harding (1899). "Waller, William (d.1699)". In Lee, Sidney (ed.). Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 59. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 135. Endnotes:
- Wood's Athenæ, iii. 817; other authorities mentioned in the article.