Wolfgang Kaiser (physicist)

Wolfgang Kaiser (17 July 1925 – 20 October 2023) was a German physicist who worked in the fields of laser and solid-state physics.

Biography

Wolfgang Kaiser was born in Nürnberg on 17 July 1925. He was awarded his doctorate in Erlangen in 1952, worked as scientist at Purdue University, and in 1954, he joined the US Army Signal Corps Engineering Laboratories in Fort Monmouth. From 1957 to 1964, Kaiser worked at Bell Laboratories in Murray Hill. In 1964, he became a professor for experimental physics at the Technische Universität München, where he performed research on laser physics. Kaiser died on 20 October 2023, at the age of 98.^[1]

Research

Kaiser was internationally recognized for his pioneering work on lasers with ultra-short pulses which find many applications in biophysical and chemical equipment. For example, he showed the molecular reactions regarding the photochemistry of bacteriorhodopsin in photosynthesis. He was involved in the development of ruby lasers^[2] and discovered the two-photon absorption with C. G. B. Garrett.^[3] The two-photon absorption was postulated by Maria Goeppert-Mayer in 1931 and has become an important method for laser spectrometer applications. Furthermore, Kaiser and his colleagues looked at, and simulated Raman scattering, Brillouin scattering, and the duration of existence of phonons in solid-state matter using Raman spectroscopy. Other topics Kaiser worked on include semi-conductors as well as nonlinear optical issues.

Honors and Fellowships

1972: Fellow of the American Physical Society
1982: Max Born Medal and Prize of the Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft (German Physicist Association) and the British Institute of Physics
1986: Ellis R. Lippincott Award of the Optical Society of America
1994: Stern-Gerlach-Medaille
1995: Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art

Wolfgang Kaiser has got multiple honorary doctorates, from the Purdue University and others, and he was a member of the Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften (Bavarian Association for Science), the National Academy of Sciences, and the Academia Europaea.

Publications

Von kurzen zu ultrakurzen Laserpulsen. (About ultra-short laser pulses) In Physikalische Blätter. July 1994, S. 661. doi:10.1002/phbl.19940500711
Ultrashort Laser Pulses: Generation and Applications, Springer 1993
Ultrashort Laser Pulses and Applications, Springer 1988
Der Laser: Grundlagen und neue Ergebnisse, Abhandlungen und Berichte (The laser: General principles and current research), Deutsches Museum 1967

Literature

Donald Nelson, Robert Collins, Wolfgang Kaiser Bell Labs and the Ruby Laser. In Physics Today. January 2010.

References

^ "Wolfgang Kaiser". SZ Gedenken. 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
^ R. J. Collins, D. F. Nelson, A. L. Schawlow, W. Bond, C. G. B. Garrett, W. Kaiser: Coherence, Narrowing, Directionality, and Relaxation Oscillations in the Light Emission from Ruby. In: Physical Review Letters. 5, Nr. 7, 1960, S. 303, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.5.303.
^ C. G. B. Garrett, W. Kaiser: Two-Photon Excitation in CaF₂: Eu²⁺. In: Physical Review Letters. 7, Nr. 6, 1961, S. 229–232, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.229.

External links

[1] "Wolfgang Kaiser". SZ Gedenken. 31 October 2023. Retrieved 1 November 2023.

[2] R. J. Collins, D. F. Nelson, A. L. Schawlow, W. Bond, C. G. B. Garrett, W. Kaiser: Coherence, Narrowing, Directionality, and Relaxation Oscillations in the Light Emission from Ruby. In: Physical Review Letters. 5, Nr. 7, 1960, S. 303, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.5.303.

[3] C. G. B. Garrett, W. Kaiser: Two-Photon Excitation in CaF₂: Eu²⁺. In: Physical Review Letters. 7, Nr. 6, 1961, S. 229–232, doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.7.229.

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