Wulfhilda, also known as Wulfhild and Wulfreda among several other names (c. 940 – c. 996), was an Anglo-Saxon abbess who is venerated as a saint in the Catholic Church.
Life
editWulfhilda was the daughter of a Wessex nobleman named Wulfhelm. She was raised and educated by the Benedictine nuns of Wilton Abbey and joined their community when she came of age. Around 970, she was appointed as abbess of Barking Abbey by Edgar the Peaceful,[1] most likely to "repent of his lustful pursuit of her".[2] Under Wulfhilda's leadership, the monastery flourished and greatly expanded.[3] Wulfhilda herself donated 20 villages to the abbey and established another monastery at Horton in Kent.[4]
According to Goscelin of Saint-Bertin, the nuns at Barking laid complaints against their abbess Wulfhilda, and the English queen Ælfthryth deposed her, only to reinstate her twenty years later. The demotion might have been the result of jealousy as Ælfthryth's husband Edgar may have had a romantic interest in Wulfhilda.[5] Wulfhilda remained, assisted by a group of sisters at Barking, in exile at Horton Priory for 20 years. She returned after Ælfthryth "had driven Barking to near financial ruin" and after the community received a vision from their founder Saint Æthelburh directing them to allow Wulfhilda to return.[6]
Goscelin also described Wulfhilda's service to her followers, which he compared to the qualities of a humble, attentive, and nurturing mother[2] and included "drawing water, gathering wood, kindling fires, preparing provisions, distributing clothes, and bathing her sisters",[7] which he called her ministry. Goscelin praised her hands during his description of her regular and secret practice of sitting in front of the abbey church's doors and distributing alms to the poor as they passed by. He also praised her protégée and successor, Leofflǽd, for following Wulfhilda's teachings and example of caring for others.[7] He dedicated his vita of Wulfhilda to Bishop Maurice of London, Barking Abbey's diocesan at the time, and appealed to him to defend and accept the nuns who kept her memory alive, citing the role of women's testimony throughout the history of the Christian Church.[8]
She died c. 996[9] and was buried at the abbey with two other saints, Hildelith and Ethelberga.[5] According to Goscelin, her veneration was widespread and long-lasting.[10]
Notes
edit- ^ Monks of Ramsgate. "Wulfilda". Book of Saints 1921. CatholicSaints.Info. 9 December 2016
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
- ^ a b Bugyis 2019, p. 96.
- ^ Butler, Alban (1 December 1956). Lives of the Saints (New Full ed.). St John's Abbey, Collegeville, Minnesota: Christian Classics. p. 179. ISBN 0-8146-2385-9.
- ^ Dunbar, Agnes (1904). A Dictionary of Saintly Women. Retrieved 13 August 2013.
- ^ a b Guidance for Women in Twelfth-Century Convents. DS Brewer. 2012. ISBN 9781843842958.
- ^ Bugyis 2019, p. 104.
- ^ a b Bugyis 2019, p. 36.
- ^ Bugyis 2019, p. 41.
- ^ Bugyis 2019, p. 3.
- ^ Bugyis 2019, p. 39.
References
edit- Bugyis, Katie Ann-Marie (2019). The Care of Nuns: The Ministries of Benedictine Women in England During the Central Middle Ages. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-085128-6.
External links
edit- Wulfhild 2 at Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
- Yorke, Barbara (2004). "Wulfhild [St Wulfhild] (d. after 996)". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/49417. ISBN 978-0-19-861412-8. (subscription or UK public library membership required)