YY1

YY1 (Yin Yang 1) is a transcriptional repressor protein in humans that is encoded by the YY1 gene.

YY1
Available structures PDB Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1UBD, 1ZNM, 4C5I
Identifiers
Aliases	YY1, DELTA, INO80S, NF-E1, UCRBP, YIN-YANG-1, YY1 transcription factor, GADEVS
External IDs	OMIM: 600013; MGI: 99150; HomoloGene: 2556; GeneCards: YY1; OMA:YY1 - orthologs
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 14 (human) Band 14q32.2 Start 100,238,298 bp End 100,282,788 bp
Gene location (Mouse) Chr. Chromosome 12 (mouse) Band 12 F1|12 59.58 cM Start 108,758,899 bp End 108,786,074 bp
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in ventricular zone ganglionic eminence endothelial cell middle temporal gyrus Brodmann area 23 rectum monocyte tonsil sural nerve skin of thigh Top expressed in medullary collecting duct primitive streak ureter renal corpuscle Gonadal ridge abdominal wall left lung lobe cumulus cell human fetus endocardial cushion More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding transcription corepressor activity transcription coactivator activity zinc ion binding metal ion binding protein binding four-way junction DNA binding cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding RNA binding nucleic acid binding SMAD binding RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription repressor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific DNA-binding transcription factor activity sequence-specific DNA binding DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific histone deacetylase binding Cellular component Ino80 complex nuclear matrix nucleus nucleoplasm transcription regulator complex cytoplasm PcG protein complex Biological process cell differentiation DNA recombination regulation of transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II cellular response to UV negative regulation of gene expression transcription, DNA-templated cellular response to DNA damage stimulus double-strand break repair via homologous recombination spermatogenesis DNA repair protein deubiquitination negative regulation of interferon-beta production negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II RNA localization anterior/posterior pattern specification response to UV-C positive regulation of gene expression response to prostaglandin F positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II camera-type eye morphogenesis chromosome organization cellular response to interleukin-1 negative regulation of pri-miRNA transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of cell growth involved in cardiac muscle cell development Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 7528 22632 Ensembl ENSG00000100811 ENSMUSG00000021264 UniProt P25490 Q00899 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_003403 NM_009537 RefSeq (protein) NP_003394 NP_033563 Location (UCSC) Chr 14: 100.24 – 100.28 Mb Chr 12: 108.76 – 108.79 Mb PubMed search
Wikidata
View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse

Function

YY1 is a ubiquitously distributed transcription factor belonging to the GLI-Kruppel class of zinc finger proteins. The protein is involved in repressing and activating a diverse number of promoters. Hence, the YY in the name stands for "yin-yang." YY1 may direct histone deacetylases and histone acetyltransferases to a promoter in order to activate or repress the promoter, thus implicating histone modification in the function of YY1. YY1 promotes enhancer-promoter chromatin loops by forming dimers and promoting DNA interactions. Its dysregulation disrupts enhancer-promoter loops and gene expression.

Clinical significance

YY1 heterozygous deletions, missense, and nonsense mutations cause Gabriele-DeVries syndrome (GADEVS), an autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, dysmorphic facial features, feeding problems, intrauterine growth restriction, variable cognitive impairment, behavioral problems and other congenital malformations. A website is available in order to collect and share clinical information between clinicians and the families of affected individuals.

Interactions

YY1 has been shown to interact with:

• ATF6,
• EP300
• FKBP3
• HDAC3
• Histone deacetylase 2
• Myc
• NOTCH1
• RYBP and
• SAP30
• Serine—tRNA ligase

Further reading

• Thomas MJ, Seto E (August 1999). "Unlocking the mechanisms of transcription factor YY1: are chromatin modifying enzymes the key?". Gene. 236 (2): 197–208. doi:10.1016/S0378-1119(99)00261-9. PMID 10452940.
• Park K, Atchison ML (November 1991). "Isolation of a candidate repressor/activator, NF-E1 (YY-1, delta), that binds to the immunoglobulin kappa 3' enhancer and the immunoglobulin heavy-chain mu E1 site". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 88 (21): 9804–8. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.9804P. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.21.9804. PMC 52809. PMID 1946405.
• Yang WM, Inouye CJ, Seto E (June 1995). "Cyclophilin A and FKBP12 interact with YY1 and alter its transcriptional activity". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 270 (25): 15187–93. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.25.15187. PMID 7541038.
• Lee JS, Galvin KM, See RH, Eckner R, Livingston D, Moran E, et al. (May 1995). "Relief of YY1 transcriptional repression by adenovirus E1A is mediated by E1A-associated protein p300". Genes & Development. 9 (10): 1188–98. doi:10.1101/gad.9.10.1188. PMID 7758944.
• Zhou Q, Gedrich RW, Engel DA (July 1995). "Transcriptional repression of the c-fos gene by YY1 is mediated by a direct interaction with ATF/CREB". Journal of Virology. 69 (7): 4323–30. doi:10.1128/JVI.69.7.4323-4330.1995. PMC 189172. PMID 7769693.
• Shrivastava A, Saleque S, Kalpana GV, Artandi S, Goff SP, Calame K (December 1993). "Inhibition of transcriptional regulator Yin-Yang-1 by association with c-Myc". Science. 262 (5141): 1889–92. Bibcode:1993Sci...262.1889S. doi:10.1126/science.8266081. PMID 8266081.
• Becker KG, Swergold GD, Ozato K, Thayer RE (October 1993). "Binding of the ubiquitous nuclear transcription factor YY1 to a cis regulatory sequence in the human LINE-1 transposable element". Human Molecular Genetics. 2 (10): 1697–702. doi:10.1093/hmg/2.10.1697. PMID 8268924.
• Margolis DM, Somasundaran M, Green MR (February 1994). "Human transcription factor YY1 represses human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transcription and virion production". Journal of Virology. 68 (2): 905–10. doi:10.1128/JVI.68.2.905-910.1994. PMC 236527. PMID 8289393.
• Lee JS, Galvin KM, Shi Y (July 1993). "Evidence for physical interaction between the zinc-finger transcription factors YY1 and Sp1". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 90 (13): 6145–9. Bibcode:1993PNAS...90.6145L. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.13.6145. PMC 46884. PMID 8327494.
• Yang WM, Inouye C, Zeng Y, Bearss D, Seto E (November 1996). "Transcriptional repression by YY1 is mediated by interaction with a mammalian homolog of the yeast global regulator RPD3". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (23): 12845–50. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9312845Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.23.12845. PMC 24008. PMID 8917507.
• Houbaviy HB, Usheva A, Shenk T, Burley SK (November 1996). "Cocrystal structure of YY1 bound to the adeno-associated virus P5 initiator". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (24): 13577–82. Bibcode:1996PNAS...9313577H. doi:10.1073/pnas.93.24.13577. PMC 19349. PMID 8942976.
• Kalenik JL, Chen D, Bradley ME, Chen SJ, Lee TC (February 1997). "Yeast two-hybrid cloning of a novel zinc finger protein that interacts with the multifunctional transcription factor YY1". Nucleic Acids Research. 25 (4): 843–9. doi:10.1093/nar/25.4.843. PMC 146511. PMID 9016636.
• Cole EG, Gaston K (September 1997). "A functional YY1 binding site is necessary and sufficient to activate Surf-1 promoter activity in response to serum growth factors". Nucleic Acids Research. 25 (18): 3705–11. doi:10.1093/nar/25.18.3705. PMC 146936. PMID 9278494.
• Yang WM, Yao YL, Sun JM, Davie JR, Seto E (October 1997). "Isolation and characterization of cDNAs corresponding to an additional member of the human histone deacetylase gene family". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (44): 28001–7. doi:10.1074/jbc.272.44.28001. PMID 9346952.
• Romerio F, Gabriel MN, Margolis DM (December 1997). "Repression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through the novel cooperation of human factors YY1 and LSF". Journal of Virology. 71 (12): 9375–82. doi:10.1128/JVI.71.12.9375-9382.1997. PMC 230241. PMID 9371597.
• McNeil S, Guo B, Stein JL, Lian JB, Bushmeyer S, Seto E, et al. (March 1998). "_targeting of the YY1 transcription factor to the nucleolus and the nuclear matrix in situ: the C-terminus is a principal determinant for nuclear trafficking". Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 68 (4): 500–10. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4644(19980315)68:4<500::AID-JCB9>3.0.CO;2-U. PMID 9493912. S2CID 34077497.
• Viles JH, Patel SU, Mitchell JB, Moody CM, Justice DE, Uppenbrink J, et al. (June 1998). "Design, synthesis and structure of a zinc finger with an artificial beta-turn". Journal of Molecular Biology. 279 (4): 973–86. doi:10.1006/jmbi.1998.1764. PMID 9642075.
• Yao YL, Dupont BR, Ghosh S, Fang Y, Leach RJ, Seto E (August 1998). "Cloning, chromosomal localization and promoter analysis of the human transcription factor YY1". Nucleic Acids Research. 26 (16): 3776–83. doi:10.1093/nar/26.16.3776. PMC 147783. PMID 9685495.

External links

• FactorBook YY1
• Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P25490 (Transcriptional repressor protein YY1) at the PDBe-KB.