Yasuda Zenjirō (安田 善次郎, November 25, 1838 – September 28, 1921) was a Japanese entrepreneur from Toyama, Etchu Province (present-day Toyama Prefecture)[1] who founded the Yasuda zaibatsu (安田財閥). He donated the Yasuda Auditorium (安田講堂, Yasuda Kōdō) to the University of Tokyo. He was a maternal great-grandfather of Yoko Ono via his daughter Teruko, and adoptive son, Yasuda Zenzaburō (安田善三郎).
Yasuda Zenjirō | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | November 25, 1838 |
| Died | September 28, 1921 (aged 82) |
| Occupation | Entrepreneur |
| Known for | Yasuda zaibatsu |
Early life
editYasuda Zenjirō was the son of a poor samurai and a member of the Yasuda clan in Etchu Province.[2]
Zenjirō moved to Edo at the age of 17 and began working in a money changing house.[3]
Career
editIn 1863, he started providing tax-farming services to the Tokugawa Shogunate. After the Meiji Restoration, he provided the same services to the new Meiji government. Yasuda profited from the delay between the collection of taxes and their forwarding to the government. He greatly magnified his wealth by buying up depreciated Meiji paper money that the government subsequently exchanged for gold.[4]
Yasuda helped establish the Third National Bank in 1876. Later, in 1880, Yasuda set up the Yasuda Bank (later the Fuji Bank, now Mizuho Financial Group) and the Yasuda Mutual Life Insurance Company (later merged to form Meiji Yasuda Life Insurance), which he organized into a zaibatsu holding company. In 1893, the Yasuda zaibatsu absorbed the Tokyo Fire Insurance Company (renamed the Yasuda Fire and Marine Insurance Company, now Sompo Japan Insurance).
Yasuda was among the best financiers that Japan had; however he was not adventurous and hardly expanded the business beyond finance. Most of the industrial houses associated with Yasuda were actually those that Asano Soichiro (the founder of the Asano zaibatsu) started, whom Yasuda trusted and provided loans to. More accurately, therefore, they belonged to Asano zaibatsu and were merely affiliated to Yasuda Zaibatsu.[5]
Philanthropy
editIn his later years, he donated the Yasuda Auditorium to the Tokyo Imperial University and the Hibiya Kokaido hall.[3] He owned a lot of land in Tokyo which was later used as Yasuda Garden, Yasuda Gakuen, and Doai Memorial Hospital.
Murder
editYasuda was assassinated in 1921 by nationalist lawyer Asahi Heigo because Yasuda had refused to make a financial donation to a worker's hotel.[6]
Legacy
editYasuda’s adopted son, Yasuda Zenzaburō (安田善三郎) is the maternal grandfather of artist and singer Yoko Ono, the widow of musician John Lennon. Allegedly, Lennon, on seeing Yasuda's photograph for the first time, said "That's me in a former life", to which Ono replied "Don't say that. He was assassinated." Lennon would later be murdered in 1980.[7]
References
edit- ^ "Yasuda Zenjirō". Encyclopædia Britannica. (subscription required)
- ^ Morikawa, Hidemasa. (2001). A History of Top Management in Japan: Managerial Enterprises and Family Enterprises, p. 61.
- ^ a b "Yasuda, Zenjiro". Portraits of Modern Japanese Historical Figures. National Diet Library. 2004.
- ^ Morck, Randall; Nakamura, Masao (2004-07-14). "A Frog in a Well Knows Nothing of the Ocean: A History of Corporate Ownership in Japan" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-11-20.
- ^ Odagiri, Hiroyuki (1996). Technology and Industrial Development in Japan. Oxford University Press. p. 76. ISBN 0-19-828802-6.
- ^ Price, Victoria (2011). Great Lives from History: The Incredibly Wealthy. Salem Press.
- ^ Norman, Philip (2008). John Lennon: The Life. HarperCollins. p. 762.