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word seems to have influenced the word for ‘to confess’, ædʹvæLʹtʹ, pres. ind. ædʹi꞉m (Spir. Rose p. 6 aidvimuid); bαkælʹ, ‘hindering’, Meyer bacáil; kα꞉rdælʹ, ‘to card’, Di. cárdáil; sα꞉wælʹ, ‘to save’, sα꞉wæLʹtʹαχ, ‘of a saving disposition’. Similarly in ɛədælʹ, ‘benefit, boon’, M.Ir. étail; dʹəwælʹ, ‘want, need’, O.Ir. dígbail; ri꞉ʃæLʹtʹə, ‘wizened’ (?). Also in the plural of substantives ending in ‑αn, O.Ir. ‑án, skα̃uwænʹ, ‘lungs’, M.Ir. scaman. Other instances—fʹiænʹ, ‘wild’, formed from M.Ir. fíad; kαhærʹ, ‘city’, O.Ir. cathir (the terms for ‘city’ and ‘chair’ have been confused); ɔ꞉kædʹ, ‘opportunity’, Di. ócáid; pαræʃtʹə, ‘parish’, Di. parráiste, parróiste; u꞉sædʹ, ‘use’, Di. úsáid. For ætʹ < α꞉tʹ in ə Nætʹ i꞉nʹαχ see § 451.
§ 78. O.Ir. ó gives æ under the same circumstances as O.Ir. á in the preceding paragraph, e.g. kɔrænʹ, ‘crown’, M.Ir. coróin, gen. sing. kɔrαnə; o꞉mwædʹαχ, ‘meek’, Di. ómóideach; u꞉məlædʹ, Di. umhlóid, O.Ir. umaldóit (the word is used in the sense of ‘capacity of vessels’, as tα꞉ u꞉məlædʹ wo꞉r ɛgʹ əN tαihαχ ʃïnʹ, ‘that vessel holds a good deal’, J. H. says it is a Rosses word, ũ꞉wluw is used for ‘obedience’); kau(w)lædʹ, ‘noisy talk’, Di. collóid, callóid (§ 143).
§ 79. In a few instances æ is the result of the reduction of O.Ir. é before palatal consonants, e.g. α꞉rNʹæʃ (α꞉rNʹeʃ), ‘stock’, also used humourously of ‘lice’, Meyer áirnéis; hïnəfʹænʹ, hαnəfʹænʹ, ‘already’ < O.Ir. cena + féin; plα꞉n̥ʹædʹ, ‘planet, weather’, Di. plainéid; strα꞉mʹædʹ, ‘stroke with a stick’, Di. straiméad, stramáid. It is noteworthy that the terminations ‑éir, ‑óir give ‑ærʹ in Orrery and Meath (G. J. 1896 p. 147).
§ 80. Before rʹ we sometimes find æ, where we do not expect it, i.e. there has been a confusion of the endings ‑air, ‑áir, e.g. in αhærʹ, ‘father’, O.Ir. athair; mαhærʹ, ‘mother’, O.Ir. máthir; dʹα꞉r̥ærʹ, ‘brother’, O.Ir. derbráthir; Lαhærʹ, ‘presence’, M.Ir. lathair. It should however be stated that this is not the only pronunciation, as one also hears ‑irʹ, srαhærʹ, srαhirʹ, gen. sing. of srαhər, ‘straddle’. ‑irʹ is the general ending in the oblique cases of substantives in ‑ər; cp. mʹαdirʹ, plur. of mʹαdər, ‘a small wooden vessel’, Di. meadar.
The word for ‘jaundice’ is bwiəχinʹ against Dinneen’s buidheacháin.
2. ɛ.
§ 81. This symbol denotes the Northern English e-sound in such words as ‘men’, ‘get’ (Sweet low-front-narrow). This ɛ
