Αἴας

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From earlier Αἴϝᾱς (Aíwās) of uncertain further origin, compare Etruscan 𐌀𐌉𐌅𐌀𐌔 (aivas). Compare also Proto-Hellenic *aiweí from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ey- (“vital energy, life”)

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /ǎi̯.aːs/ → /ˈɛ.as/ → /ˈe.as/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ǎi̯.aːs/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.as/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɛ.as/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈe.as/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈe.as/

Proper noun

Αἴᾱς • (Aíās) m (genitive Αἴᾰντος); third declension

1. a male given name, equivalent to English Ajax
   • Διονύσιος ὁ Θρᾷξ (Dionysius Thrax 170‑90 BCE), Τέχνη Γραμματική §14 (The Art of Grammar, §14) English translation (1874) by Thomas Davidson

     Ὁμώνυμον δέ ἐστιν ὄνομα τὸ κατὰ πολλῶν ὁμωνύμως τιθέμενον, οἷον ἐπὶ μὲν κυρίων, ὡς Αἴας ὁ Τελαμώνιος καὶ Αἴας ὁ Ἰλέως

     Homṓnumon dé estin ónoma tò katà pollôn homōnúmōs tithémenon, hoîon epì mèn kuríōn, hōs Aías ho Telamṓnios kaì Aías ho Iléōs

     A Homonym is a noun predicated homonymously of many things, as of proper nouns, e.g. Telamonian Aias, Oïlean Aias

     They are: Aias, son of Telamon, ruler of Salamis and Aias, son of Oileus, ruler of Locris

Inflection

Third declension of ὁ Αἴᾱς; τοῦ Αἴᾰντος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ Αἴᾱς ho Aíās	τὼ Αἴᾰντε tṑ Aíante	οἱ Αἴᾰντες hoi Aíantes
Genitive	τοῦ Αἴᾰντος toû Aíantos	τοῖν Αἰᾰ́ντοιν toîn Aiántoin	τῶν Αἰᾰ́ντων tôn Aiántōn
Dative	τῷ Αἴᾰντῐ tôi Aíanti	τοῖν Αἰᾰ́ντοιν toîn Aiántoin	τοῖς Αἴᾱσῐ / Αἴᾱσῐν toîs Aíāsi(n)
Accusative	τὸν Αἴᾰντᾰ tòn Aíanta	τὼ Αἴᾰντε tṑ Aíante	τοὺς Αἴᾰντᾰς toùs Aíantas
Vocative	Αἶᾰν Aîan	Αἴᾰντε Aíante	Αἴᾰντες Aíantes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of Αἴᾱς; Αἴᾰντος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	Αἴᾱς Aíās	Αἴᾰντε Aíante	Αἴᾰντες Aíantes
Genitive	Αἴᾰντος Aíantos	Αἰᾰ́ντοιῐν Aiántoiin	Αἰᾰ́ντων Aiántōn
Dative	Αἴᾰντῐ Aíanti	Αἰᾰ́ντοιῐν Aiántoiin	Αἴᾱσῐ / Αἴᾱσῐν / Αἰᾰ́ντεσσῐ / Αἰᾰ́ντεσσῐν / Αἰᾰ́ντεσῐ / Αἰᾰ́ντεσῐν Aíāsi(n) / Aiántessi(n) / Aiántesi(n)
Accusative	Αἴᾰντᾰ Aíanta	Αἴᾰντε Aíante	Αἴᾰντᾰς Aíantas
Vocative	Αἶᾰν Aîan	Αἴᾰντε Aíante	Αἴᾰντες Aíantes
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Descendants

• Greek: Αίας (Aías)
• → Latin: Aiāx

Further reading

• “Αἴας”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “Αἴας”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “Αἴας”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• Αἴας in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
• “Αἴας”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,000