ζημία

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• ζᾱμῐ́ᾱ (zāmíā) — Doric

Etymology

Sommer connected the word with ζῆλος (zêlos, “fervour, zeal”), ζητέω (zētéō, “to inquire, search, investigate”) and δίζημαι (dízēmai, “to seek out, look for”). This suggests a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *yeh₂-; for the semantics "zeal", "fine" compare Old English anda (“envy, jealousy”) with Old High German antōn (“to punish”). Connection with Sanskrit दीन (dīna, “poor, miserable, wretched”) and δειλός (deilós, “cowardly”) is quite uncertain.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /zdɛː.mí.aː/ → /ziˈmi.a/ → /ziˈmi.a/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /zdɛː.mí.aː/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ze̝ˈmi.a/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ziˈmi.a/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ziˈmi.a/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ziˈmi.a/

Noun

ζημῐ́ᾱ • (zēmíā) f (genitive ζημῐ́ᾱς); first declension

1. loss, damage

   Antonym: κέρδος (kérdos)

2. penalty in money, fine

   Synonyms: θωή (thōḗ), ποινή (poinḗ)

3. (in general) penalty
4. expense, expenditure
5. dead loss, bad bargain

Inflection

First declension of ἡ ζημῐ́ᾱ; τῆς ζημῐ́ᾱς (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ζημῐ́ᾱ hē zēmíā	τὼ ζημῐ́ᾱ tṑ zēmíā	αἱ ζημῐ́αι hai zēmíai
Genitive	τῆς ζημῐ́ᾱς tês zēmíās	τοῖν ζημῐ́αιν toîn zēmíain	τῶν ζημῐῶν tôn zēmiôn
Dative	τῇ ζημῐ́ᾳ têi zēmíāi	τοῖν ζημῐ́αιν toîn zēmíain	ταῖς ζημῐ́αις taîs zēmíais
Accusative	τὴν ζημῐ́ᾱν tḕn zēmíān	τὼ ζημῐ́ᾱ tṑ zēmíā	τᾱ̀ς ζημῐ́ᾱς tā̀s zēmíās
Vocative	ζημῐ́ᾱ zēmíā	ζημῐ́ᾱ zēmíā	ζημῐ́αι zēmíai
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• ἀζημῐ́ᾱ (azēmíā)
• ἐπῐζήμῐος (epizḗmios)
• ζημῐᾰ́ζω (zēmiázō)
• ζημῐοπρᾰκτέω (zēmiopraktéō)
• ζημῐόψῡχος (zēmiópsūkhos)
• ζημῐόω (zēmióō)
• ζημῐώδης (zēmiṓdēs)
• ζημῐ́ωμᾰ (zēmíōma)
• ζημῐ́ωσῐς (zēmíōsis)
• ζημῐωτής (zēmiōtḗs)
• ζημῐωτῐκός (zēmiōtikós)

 

Descendants

• → Latin: zāmia (through Doric)

Further reading

• “ζημία”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ζημία”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ζημία in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN