θέρος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *kʷʰéros, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰéros (“heat; warm weather”, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) +‎ *-os (action noun suffix)).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /tʰé.ros/ → /ˈθe.ros/ → /ˈθe.ros/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰé.ros/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈtʰe.ros/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈθe.ros/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈθe.ros/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈθe.ros/

Noun

θέρος • (théros) n (genitive θέρους or θέρεος); third declension

1. heat
2. summer

   Coordinate terms: ὀπώρα (opṓra), χειμών (kheimṓn), ἔαρ (éar)

3. harvest, crop

Inflection

Third declension of τὸ θέρος; τοῦ θέρους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ θέρος tò théros	τὼ θέρει tṑ thérei	τᾰ̀ θέρη tà thérē
Genitive	τοῦ θέρους toû thérous	τοῖν θεροῖν toîn theroîn	τῶν θερῶν tôn therôn
Dative	τῷ θέρει tôi thérei	τοῖν θεροῖν toîn theroîn	τοῖς θέρεσῐ / θέρεσῐν toîs théresi(n)
Accusative	τὸ θέρος tò théros	τὼ θέρει tṑ thérei	τᾰ̀ θέρη tà thérē
Vocative	θέρος théros	θέρει thérei	θέρη thérē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of τὸ θέρος; τοῦ θέρεος (Ionic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ θέρος tò théros	τὼ θέρει / θέρεε tṑ thérei / théree	τᾰ̀ θέρεᾰ tà thérea
Genitive	τοῦ θέρεος / θέρευς toû théreos / théreus	τοῖν θερέοιν toîn theréoin	τῶν θερέων tôn theréōn
Dative	τῷ θέρει / θέρεῐ̈ tôi thérei / théreï	τοῖν θερέοιν toîn theréoin	τοῖσῐ / τοῖσῐν θέρεσῐ / θέρεσῐν toîsi(n) théresi(n)
Accusative	τὸ θέρος tò théros	τὼ θέρει / θέρεε tṑ thérei / théree	τᾰ̀ θέρεᾰ tà thérea
Vocative	θέρος théros	θέρει / θέρεε thérei / théree	θέρεᾰ thérea
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of θέρος; θέρεος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	θέρος théros	θέρει / θέρεε thérei / théree	θέρεᾰ thérea
Genitive	θέρεος / θέρευς théreos / théreus	θερέοιν theréoin	θερέων theréōn
Dative	θέρει / θέρεῐ̈ thérei / théreï	θερέοιν theréoin	θέρεσῐ / θέρεσῐν théresi(n)
Accusative	θέρος théros	θέρει / θέρεε thérei / théree	θέρεᾰ thérea
Vocative	θέρος théros	θέρει / θέρεε thérei / théree	θέρεᾰ thérea
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

• θερινός (therinós)

References

• “θέρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “θέρος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “θέρος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• θέρος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• θέρος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “θέρος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2330 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • crop idem, page 185.
  • harvest idem, page 387.

Greek

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθe.ɾos/
• Hyphenation: θέ‧ρος

Etymology 1

A borrowing from Ancient Greek θέρος (théros), retaining the neuter gender.

Noun

θέρος • (théros) n (uncountable)

1. (singular only, formal, sciences) summer, summertime

   Synonym: καλοκαίρι (kalokaíri)

Declension

	singular
nominative	θέρος (théros)
genitive	θέρους (thérous)
accusative	θέρος (théros)
vocative	θέρος (théros)

Coordinate terms

• άνοιξη f (ánoixi, “spring”)
• έαρ f (éar, “spring”)
• εποχή f (epochí, “season”)
• καλοκαίρι n (kalokaíri, “summer”)
• φθινόπωρο n (fthinóporo, “autumn, fall”)
• χειμώνας m (cheimónas, “winter”)

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek θέρος (théros) with change of gender to masculine.

Noun

θέρος • (théros) m (uncountable)

1. (singular only) harvest, vintage
2. (singular only) harvest time

Declension

	singular
nominative	θέρος (théros)
genitive	θέρου (thérou)
accusative	θέρο (théro)
vocative	θέρε (thére)

Further reading

• θέρος, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
• θέρος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el