κρανίον

Ancient Greek

Picture dictionary

κρανίον

κρανίον

ἐγκέφαλος

ὀφθαλμός

χεῖλος

ῥίς

στόμα

γένειον

γνάθος

οὖς

κρόταφος

τράχηλος

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Etymology

From the old oblique stem, *κρᾱν- (*krān-), of κᾰ́ρη (kắrē, “Homeric form of κᾰ́ρᾱ (kắrā, “the head”)”) + -ῐ́ον (-ĭ́on, diminutive suffix).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /kraː.ní.on/ → /kraˈni.on/ → /kraˈni.on/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /kraː.ní.on/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /kraˈni.on/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /kraˈni.on/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /kraˈni.on/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /kraˈni.on/

Noun

κρᾱνῐ́ον • (krānĭ́on) n (genitive κρᾱνῐ́ου); second declension

1. (anatomy) the upper part of the head, the cranium
   1. (metonymy) the skull
   2. (metonymy) the head
2. a headache

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον; τοῦ κρᾱνῐ́ου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον tò krānĭ́on	τὼ κρᾱνῐ́ω tṑ krānĭ́ō	τᾰ̀ κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ tằ krānĭ́ă
Genitive	τοῦ κρᾱνῐ́ου toû krānĭ́ou	τοῖν κρᾱνῐ́οιν toîn krānĭ́oin	τῶν κρᾱνῐ́ων tôn krānĭ́ōn
Dative	τῷ κρᾱνῐ́ῳ tôi krānĭ́ōi	τοῖν κρᾱνῐ́οιν toîn krānĭ́oin	τοῖς κρᾱνῐ́οις toîs krānĭ́ois
Accusative	τὸ κρᾱνῐ́ον tò krānĭ́on	τὼ κρᾱνῐ́ω tṑ krānĭ́ō	τᾰ̀ κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ tằ krānĭ́ă
Vocative	κρᾱνῐ́ον krānĭ́on	κρᾱνῐ́ω krānĭ́ō	κρᾱνῐ́ᾰ krānĭ́ă
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• βουκρᾱ́νῐον (boukrā́nĭon)
• ἡμῐκρᾱνῐ́ᾱ (hēmĭkrānĭ́ā)

Descendants

Descendants

• Greek: κρανίο (kranío)
• → Medieval Latin: crānium
  • → Catalan: crani
  • → English: cranium
  • → French: crâne
  • → Italian: cranio
  • → Portuguese: crânio
  • → Romanian: craniu
  • → Spanish: cráneo

Further reading

• “κρανίον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “κρανίον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “κρανίον”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• κρανίον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• κρανίον in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “κρανίον”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• G2898 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • crown idem, page 186.
  • scull idem, page 743.
  • skull idem, page 781.
• “κρανίον”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011