μάγγανον
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editSanskrit मञ्जुल (mañjula, “charming, lovely”) and मङ्गल (maṅgala, “lucky charm, amulet, talisman”) have been proposed as cognates. Connection to the group of μάσσω (mássō, “to knead”) is unconvincing. Van Beek suggests a comparison with μηχανή (mēkhanḗ, “contrivance”); the pair of words shows prenasalization and interchange of γ and χ, which would be typical reflexes of a Pre-Greek word; however these are typical Semitic variations, and if the movement patterns of a pulley or catapult are compared with that of a sickle, it is easier derived from the family of Aramaic מַגְּלָא / ܡܓܠܐ (maggǝlā), Hebrew מַגָּל (maggā́l), Arabic مِنْجَل (minjal), words of transparent derivation meaning “sickle”, which passed into Old Georgian მანგალი (mangali), Old Armenian մանգաղ (mangał), and formally and geographically remarkably Georgian and Mingrelian მაგანა (magana), still meaning sickle. The senses “philtre”, “charm” and “pulley block”, “bolt”, “catapult” may ultimately have different origins, however both are relatable due to the image of witchcraft being “cast”, like the charge of a catapult is warped or a sickle is rapped.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /máŋ.ɡa.non/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈmaŋ.ɡa.non/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈmaŋ.ɡa.non/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈmaŋ.ɡa.non/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈmaŋ.ɡa.non/
Noun
editμάγγᾰνον • (mánganon) n (genitive μαγγᾰ́νου); second declension
- philtre, charm, means for bewitching others
- block of a pulley
- bolt, iron peg
- catapult, ballista, tormentum
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ μάγγᾰνον tò mánganon |
τὼ μαγγᾰ́νω tṑ mangánō |
τᾰ̀ μάγγᾰνᾰ tà mángana | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ μαγγᾰ́νου toû mangánou |
τοῖν μαγγᾰ́νοιν toîn mangánoin |
τῶν μαγγᾰ́νων tôn mangánōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ μαγγᾰ́νῳ tôi mangánōi |
τοῖν μαγγᾰ́νοιν toîn mangánoin |
τοῖς μαγγᾰ́νοις toîs mangánois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ μάγγᾰνον tò mánganon |
τὼ μαγγᾰ́νω tṑ mangánō |
τᾰ̀ μάγγᾰνᾰ tà mángana | ||||||||||
Vocative | μάγγᾰνον mánganon |
μαγγᾰ́νω mangánō |
μάγγᾰνᾰ mángana | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
edit- μαγγανάριος (manganários)
- μαγγανεία (manganeía)
- μαγγάνευμα (mangáneuma)
- μαγγανευτήριον (manganeutḗrion)
- μαγγανευτής (manganeutḗs)
- μαγγανευτικός (manganeutikós)
- μαγγανεύτρια (manganeútria)
- μαγγανεύω (manganeúō)
- μαγγανικά (manganiká)
Descendants
edit- Greek: μάγγανο (mángano), μάγκανο (mágkano)
- → Arabic: مَنْجَنُون (manjanūn), مَنْجَنِين (manjanīn)
- → Aramaic:
- Jewish Palestinian Aramaic: מנגנ
- Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: מַנְגְּנוּן (mangənūn), מַנְגְּנִין (mangənīn)
- Classical Syriac: ܡܢܓܢܘܢ (mangānōn)
- → Middle Armenian: մանգանայ (manganay)
- → Old Armenian: մանգղիոն (mangłion), մանգղոն (mangłon)
- → Ge'ez: መንገን (mängän)
- → Georgian: მანგანა (mangana, “pincers (blacksmith); vice”)
- → Hebrew: מַנְגָּנוֹן (manganṓn)
- → Latin: manganum (plural mangana)
- → Middle High German: mange, mangel
- German: Mange, Mangel
- ⇒ German: mangeln
- → Czech: mandl, mangl
- → Middle Dutch: manghe, mangel
- → Finnish: mankeli
- → Middle Low German: mange
- → Hungarian: mángorol
- → Kashubian: mągla
- → Polish: magiel, maglownica, maglarka, maglarz
- → Ukrainian: ма́гель (máhelʹ), ма́голь (máholʹ), ма́гіль (máhilʹ), магельни́ца (mahelʹnýca), магля́рка (mahljárka), маглівни́ца (mahlivnýca)
- ⇒ Ukrainian: маглюва́ти (mahljuváty)
- ⇒ Polish: maglować
- → Ukrainian: ма́гель (máhelʹ), ма́голь (máholʹ), ма́гіль (máhilʹ), магельни́ца (mahelʹnýca), магля́рка (mahljárka), маглівни́ца (mahlivnýca)
- German: Mange, Mangel
- → Italian: mangano
- Sicilian: mànganu, Mànganu
- → Middle High German: mange, mangel
- →⇒ Laz: მანგანა (mangana), წკარ-მანგანა (ǯǩar-mangana)
- → Ottoman Turkish: منگنه (mengene)
Further reading
edit- “μάγγανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μάγγανον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- μάγγανον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
- Ancient Greek terms derived from a Pre-Greek substrate
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Semitic languages
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- Ancient Greek lemmas
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- Ancient Greek neuter nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek neuter nouns in the second declension
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