μαλακός
Ancient Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *məlakos, from Proto-Indo-European *ml̥h₂ekos, from *melh₂- (“soft, weak”) (which Beekes separates from the "grind, rub" meaning, though this is disputed).[1]
Possibly cognate with Old Irish malcad (“rottenness, putrefaction”) and Proto-Germanic *malskaz (“soft; haughty”). Compare μαλθακός (malthakós), βλᾱ́ξ (blā́x). Distantly cognate with dialectal English masker.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ma.la.kós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ma.laˈkos/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ma.laˈkos/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ma.laˈkos/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ma.laˈkos/
Adjective
editμᾰλᾰκός • (malakós) m (feminine μᾰλᾰκή, neuter μᾰλᾰκόν); first/second declension
- soft, tender
- Synonym: ἁπαλός (hapalós)
- gentle
- (of persons, modes of life) soft, mild, gentle
- (in a bad sense) soft, yielding, remiss
- faint-hearted, effeminate, cowardly
- incapable of bearing pain
- (of music) soft, effeminate
- (of reasoning) weak, loose
- (in a bad sense) soft, yielding, remiss
- effeminate
- Synonym: σᾰβᾰκός (sabakós)
- (of sexual partners) passive; receptive
Inflection
editNumber | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | μᾰλᾰκός malakós |
μᾰλᾰκή malakḗ |
μᾰλᾰκόν malakón |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκᾱ́ malakā́ |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκοί malakoí |
μᾰλᾰκαί malakaí |
μᾰλᾰκᾰ́ malaká | |||||
Genitive | μᾰλᾰκοῦ malakoû |
μᾰλᾰκῆς malakês |
μᾰλᾰκοῦ malakoû |
μᾰλᾰκοῖν malakoîn |
μᾰλᾰκαῖν malakaîn |
μᾰλᾰκοῖν malakoîn |
μᾰλᾰκῶν malakôn |
μᾰλᾰκῶν malakôn |
μᾰλᾰκῶν malakôn | |||||
Dative | μᾰλᾰκῷ malakôi |
μᾰλᾰκῇ malakêi |
μᾰλᾰκῷ malakôi |
μᾰλᾰκοῖν malakoîn |
μᾰλᾰκαῖν malakaîn |
μᾰλᾰκοῖν malakoîn |
μᾰλᾰκοῖς malakoîs |
μᾰλᾰκαῖς malakaîs |
μᾰλᾰκοῖς malakoîs | |||||
Accusative | μᾰλᾰκόν malakón |
μᾰλᾰκήν malakḗn |
μᾰλᾰκόν malakón |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκᾱ́ malakā́ |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκούς malakoús |
μᾰλᾰκᾱ́ς malakā́s |
μᾰλᾰκᾰ́ malaká | |||||
Vocative | μᾰλᾰκέ malaké |
μᾰλᾰκή malakḗ |
μᾰλᾰκόν malakón |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκᾱ́ malakā́ |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκοί malakoí |
μᾰλᾰκαί malakaí |
μᾰλᾰκᾰ́ malaká | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
μᾰλᾰκῶς malakôs |
μᾰλᾰκώτερος malakṓteros |
μᾰλᾰκώτᾰτος malakṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Number | Singular | Dual | Plural | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case/Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |||||
Nominative | μᾰλᾰκός malakós |
μᾰλᾰκή malakḗ |
μᾰλᾰκόν malakón |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκᾱ́ malakā́ |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκοί malakoí |
μᾰλᾰκαί malakaí |
μᾰλᾰκᾰ́ malaká | |||||
Genitive | μᾰλᾰκοῦ / μᾰλᾰκοῖο / μᾰλᾰκόο malakoû / malakoîo / malakóo |
μᾰλᾰκῆς malakês |
μᾰλᾰκοῦ / μᾰλᾰκοῖο / μᾰλᾰκόο malakoû / malakoîo / malakóo |
μᾰλᾰκοῖῐν malakoîin |
μᾰλᾰκαῖν / μᾰλᾰκαῖῐν / μᾰλᾰκῇῐν malakaî(i)n / malakêiin |
μᾰλᾰκοῖῐν malakoîin |
μᾰλᾰκῶν malakôn |
μᾰλᾰκᾱ́ων / μᾰλᾰκέ͜ων / μᾰλᾰκῶν malakā́ōn / malaké͜ōn / malakôn |
μᾰλᾰκῶν malakôn | |||||
Dative | μᾰλᾰκῷ malakôi |
μᾰλᾰκῇ malakêi |
μᾰλᾰκῷ malakôi |
μᾰλᾰκοῖῐν malakoîin |
μᾰλᾰκαῖν / μᾰλᾰκαῖῐν / μᾰλᾰκῇῐν malakaî(i)n / malakêiin |
μᾰλᾰκοῖῐν malakoîin |
μᾰλᾰκοῖσῐ / μᾰλᾰκοῖσῐν / μᾰλᾰκοῖς malakoîsi(n) / malakoîs |
μᾰλᾰκῇσῐ / μᾰλᾰκῇσῐν / μᾰλᾰκῇς / μᾰλᾰκαῖς malakêisi(n) / malakêis / malakaîs |
μᾰλᾰκοῖσῐ / μᾰλᾰκοῖσῐν / μᾰλᾰκοῖς malakoîsi(n) / malakoîs | |||||
Accusative | μᾰλᾰκόν malakón |
μᾰλᾰκήν malakḗn |
μᾰλᾰκόν malakón |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκᾱ́ malakā́ |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκούς malakoús |
μᾰλᾰκᾱ́ς malakā́s |
μᾰλᾰκᾰ́ malaká | |||||
Vocative | μᾰλᾰκέ malaké |
μᾰλᾰκή malakḗ |
μᾰλᾰκόν malakón |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκᾱ́ malakā́ |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκοί malakoí |
μᾰλᾰκαί malakaí |
μᾰλᾰκᾰ́ malaká | |||||
Derived forms | Adverb | Comparative | Superlative | |||||||||||
μᾰλᾰκῶς malakôs |
μᾰλᾰκώτερος malakṓteros |
μᾰλᾰκώτᾰτος malakṓtatos | ||||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Antonyms
edit- (antonym(s) of “soft”): σκληρός (sklērós)
- (antonym(s) of “incapable of bearing pain”): καρτερικός (karterikós)
Derived terms
edit- μᾰλᾰκόλᾰλος (malakólalos)
- μᾰλᾰκόστρᾰκος (malakóstrakos)
- μᾰλάσσω (malássō)
Descendants
edit- → Coptic: ⲙⲁⲗⲁⲕⲟⲥ (malakos)
- → English: malaco-
- → French: malaco-
- Greek: μαλακός (malakós)
- → Italian: malaco-
Noun
editμᾰλᾰκός • (malakós) m (genitive μᾰλᾰκοῦ); second declension
- A person who is soft or gentle
- A person who is morally weak; a degenerate
- (sexual) bottom; sub
Inflection
editCase / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ μᾰλᾰκός ho malakós |
τὼ μᾰλᾰκώ tṑ malakṓ |
οἱ μᾰλᾰκοί hoi malakoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ μᾰλᾰκοῦ toû malakoû |
τοῖν μᾰλᾰκοῖν toîn malakoîn |
τῶν μᾰλᾰκῶν tôn malakôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ μᾰλᾰκῷ tôi malakôi |
τοῖν μᾰλᾰκοῖν toîn malakoîn |
τοῖς μᾰλᾰκοῖς toîs malakoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν μᾰλᾰκόν tòn malakón |
τὼ μᾰλᾰκώ tṑ malakṓ |
τοὺς μᾰλᾰκούς toùs malakoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | μᾰλᾰκέ malaké |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκοί malakoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | μᾰλᾰκός malakós |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκοί malakoí | ||||||||||
Genitive | μᾰλᾰκοῦ / μᾰλᾰκοῖο / μᾰλᾰκόο malakoû / malakoîo / malakóo |
μᾰλᾰκοῖῐν malakoîin |
μᾰλᾰκῶν malakôn | ||||||||||
Dative | μᾰλᾰκῷ malakôi |
μᾰλᾰκοῖῐν malakoîin |
μᾰλᾰκοῖσῐ / μᾰλᾰκοῖσῐν / μᾰλᾰκοῖς malakoîsi(n) / malakoîs | ||||||||||
Accusative | μᾰλᾰκόν malakón |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκούς malakoús | ||||||||||
Vocative | μᾰλᾰκέ malaké |
μᾰλᾰκώ malakṓ |
μᾰλᾰκοί malakoí | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
References
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “μαλακός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 896
Further reading
edit- “μαλακός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “μαλακός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “μαλακός”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- μαλακός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- μαλακός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “μαλακός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G3120 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- balmy idem, page 60.
- be comfortable, v. idem, page 66.
- cowardly idem, page 181.
- dainty idem, page 193.
- delicate idem, page 207.
- effeminate idem, page 262.
- exquisite idem, page 296.
- feeble idem, page 313.
- gentle idem, page 357.
- infirm idem, page 438.
- invertebrate idem, page 457.
- languid idem, page 475.
- languishing idem, page 476.
- lifeless idem, page 489.
- limp idem, page 492.
- luxurious idem, page 506.
- maudlin idem, page 518.
- meek idem, page 522.
- mild idem, page 529.
- negligent idem, page 555.
- nerveless idem, page 556.
- remiss idem, page 693.
- sentimental idem, page 754.
- slack idem, page 782.
- smooth idem, page 788.
- soft idem, page 791.
- supine idem, page 840.
- tender idem, page 861.
- timid idem, page 876.
- unmanly idem, page 925.
- unresisting idem, page 929.
- voluptuous idem, page 957.
- weak idem, page 969.
- womanish idem, page 986.
- yielding idem, page 996.
Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editμαλακός • (malakós) m (feminine μαλακή or μαλακιά, neuter μαλακό)
Declension
editsingular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | μαλακός (malakós) | μαλακή (malakí) μαλακιά (malakiá) |
μαλακό (malakó) | μαλακοί (malakoí) | μαλακές (malakés) | μαλακά (malaká) | |
genitive | μαλακού (malakoú) | μαλακής (malakís) μαλακιάς (malakiás) |
μαλακού (malakoú) | μαλακών (malakón) | μαλακών (malakón) | μαλακών (malakón) | |
accusative | μαλακό (malakó) | μαλακή (malakí) μαλακιά (malakiá) |
μαλακό (malakó) | μαλακούς (malakoús) | μαλακές (malakés) | μαλακά (malaká) | |
vocative | μαλακέ (malaké) | μαλακή (malakí) μαλακιά (malakiá) |
μαλακό (malakó) | μαλακοί (malakoí) | μαλακές (malakés) | μαλακά (malaká) |
Derivations:
Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο μαλακός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο μαλακός, etc.)
Derivations: relative superlative: ο + comparative forms (eg "ο μαλακότερος", etc)
|
Antonyms
edit- σκληρός (sklirós, “hard, tough”)
Related terms
edit- μαλακά (malaká, “gently”)
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *melh₂-
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek 3-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek adjectives
- Ancient Greek oxytone terms
- Ancient Greek nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns
- Ancient Greek second-declension nouns
- Ancient Greek masculine nouns in the second declension
- grc:LGBTQ
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek adjectives
- el:Metallurgy
- Greek adjectives in declension ός-ή-ιά-ό