πάγος

See also: πᾶγος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

A nominalization of the verb πήγνυμι (pḗgnumi, “to stick, fasten, build, fix”), meaning "that what is built or fixed"; see also πάγη (págē, “snare, trap”) and Latin pagus.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pá.ɡos/ → /ˈpa.ɣos/ → /ˈpa.ɣos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pá.ɡos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ɡos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ɣos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ɣos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpa.ɣos/

Noun

πᾰ́γος • (págos) m (genitive πᾰ́γου); second declension

1. mountain peak, rocky hill
   • 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 117–118:

     ἵκετο τερμόνιον ἐπὶ πάγον
     πόνων ἐμῶν θεωρός, ἢ τί δὴ θέλων;

     híketo termónion epì págon
     pónōn emôn theōrós, ḕ tí dḕ thélōn?

     Has someone come to this terminal mountain peak
     as a witness to my sufferings - or for some other purpose?

2. frost
   1. the scum on the surface of milk
   2. salt, as formed by the evaporation of seawater

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ πᾰ́γος; τοῦ πᾰ́γου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πᾰ́γος ho págos	τὼ πᾰ́γω tṑ págō	οἱ πᾰ́γοι hoi págoi
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰ́γου toû págou	τοῖν πᾰ́γοιν toîn págoin	τῶν πᾰ́γων tôn págōn
Dative	τῷ πᾰ́γῳ tôi págōi	τοῖν πᾰ́γοιν toîn págoin	τοῖς πᾰ́γοις toîs págois
Accusative	τὸν πᾰ́γον tòn págon	τὼ πᾰ́γω tṑ págō	τοὺς πᾰ́γους toùs págous
Vocative	πᾰ́γε páge	πᾰ́γω págō	πᾰ́γοι págoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Synonyms

• (frost): παγετός (pagetós)
• (milk scum): ἐπίπαγος (epípagos)

Derived terms

• Ἄρειος Πᾰ́γος (Áreios Págos)

Descendants

• English: -pagus
• Romani: -paho

Further reading

• “πάγος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πάγος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πάγος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πάγος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πάγος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• “πάγος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
• πάγος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • frost idem, page 347.
  • height idem, page 394.
  • hill idem, page 400.
  • mountain idem, page 543.
  • steep idem, page 815.

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek πάγος (págos).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈpaɣos/
• Hyphenation: πά‧γος

Noun

πάγος • (págos) m (plural πάγοι)

1. ice (frozen water)

   με πάγο ― me págo ― with ice

   χωρίς πάγο ― chorís págo ― without ice

   σπάω τον πάγο ― spáo ton págo ― break the ice

   Το ψυγείο πρέπει να καθαριστεί επειδή έχει μαζέψει πάγο.

   To psygeío prépei na katharisteí epeidí échei mazépsei págo.

   The fridge needs to be cleaned because ice has collected (in it).

2. (derogatory, figuratively) cold person, unfriendly person (one metaphorically cold like ice)

   Αυτή η γυναίκα δε χαμογελάει ποτέ· είναι σκέτος πάγος.

   Aftí i gynaíka de chamogeláei poté; eínai skétos págos.

   That woman never smiles — she's a complete ice queen.

Declension

	singular	plural
nominative	πάγος (págos)	πάγοι (págoi)
genitive	πάγου (págou)	πάγων (págon)
accusative	πάγο (págo)	πάγους (págous)
vocative	πάγε (páge)	πάγοι (págoi)

Related terms

• απάγωτος (apágotos, “not iced, unfrozen”, adjective)
• παγάκι n (pagáki, “ice cube”)
• παγετός m (pagetós, “frost”)
• παγετώνας m (pagetónas, “glacier”)
• παγωμένος (pagoménos, “iced, chilled; frosty”)
• παγωνιά f (pagoniá, “frost”)
• παγώνω (pagóno, “to freeze”)
• παγωτό n (pagotó, “ice cream”)
• πάχνη f (páchni, “frost, hoarfrost”)

 

See also

• χιόνι (chióni, “snow”)

Further reading

• πάγος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el