πάνθηρ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Of foreign origin, compare Sogdian 𐼾𐼴𐽀𐼹𐼻𐼸 (pwrδnk), Pashto پړانګ (pṛāng), Persian پلنگ (palang), and Hittite 𒊊𒌉𒀸 (parsnaš, “leopard”). See also πάρδαλις (párdalis). A common folk etymology derives it from πᾰν- (pan-, “all”) + θήρ (thḗr, “beast”) or θήρα (thḗra, “hunt”).

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pán.tʰɛːr/ → /ˈpan.θir/ → /ˈpan.θir/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pán.tʰɛːr/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpan.tʰe̝r/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpan.θir/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpan.θir/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpan.θir/

Noun

πᾰ́νθηρ • (pánthēr) m (genitive πᾰ́νθηρος); third declension

1. panther

Declension

Third declension of ὁ πᾰ́νθηρ; τοῦ πᾰ́νθηρος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πᾰ́νθηρ ho pánthēr	τὼ πᾰ́νθηρε tṑ pánthēre	οἱ πᾰ́νθηρες hoi pánthēres
Genitive	τοῦ πᾰ́νθηρος toû pánthēros	τοῖν πᾰνθήροιν toîn panthḗroin	τῶν πᾰνθήρων tôn panthḗrōn
Dative	τῷ πᾰ́νθηρῐ tôi pánthēri	τοῖν πᾰνθήροιν toîn panthḗroin	τοῖς πᾰ́νθηρσῐ / πᾰ́νθηρσῐν toîs pánthērsi(n)
Accusative	τὸν πᾰ́νθηρᾰ tòn pánthēra	τὼ πᾰ́νθηρε tṑ pánthēre	τοὺς πᾰ́νθηρᾰς toùs pánthēras
Vocative	πᾰ́νθηρ pánthēr	πᾰ́νθηρε pánthēre	πᾰ́νθηρες pánthēres
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• → Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܦܢܬܘܪ (pntwr /⁠pantōr⁠/), ܦܢܬܝܪ (pntyr /⁠pantīr⁠/), ܦܢܛܝܪ (pnṭyr /⁠panṭīr⁠/)

• → Latin: panther, panthera
• → Old Armenian: պանթեր (pantʻer)
• → Old Church Slavonic: панъѳиръ (panŭθirŭ)
• → Old East Slavic: панъфиръ (panŭfirŭ)
  • Old Ruthenian: пантеръ (panter), пантиръ (pantir), панфиръ (panfir)
• → Old Georgian: პანფილი (ṗanpili)

Further reading

• “πάνθηρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πάνθηρ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• πάνθηρ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• πάνθηρ in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
• Boisacq, Émile (1916) “πάνθηρ”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 745
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • panther idem, page 591.