πίναξ

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Since Fick (1890), considered a native word of Proto-Indo-European origin, cognate with Sanskrit पिनाक (pínāka, “staff, stick”) and Proto-Slavic *pь̏ňь (whence Old Church Slavonic пьнь (pĭnĭ), Russian пень (penʹ, “trunk, stub”)). On the other hand, Beekes inevitably prefers a Pre-Greek origin, though allows that the Slavic terms may be cognate.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /pí.naks/ → /ˈpi.naks/ → /ˈpi.naks/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /pí.naks/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈpi.naks/

Noun

πῐ́νᾰξ • (pínax) m (genitive πῐ́νᾰκος); third declension

1. board, plank
2. tablet
3. dish, plate, platter, trencher
4. board, plate, picture
5. table of accounts, register
6. block for sharpening knives

Declension

Third declension of ὁ πῐ́νᾰξ; τοῦ πῐ́νᾰκος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ πῐ́νᾰξ ho pínax	τὼ πῐ́νᾰκε tṑ pínake	οἱ πῐ́νᾰκες hoi pínakes
Genitive	τοῦ πῐ́νᾰκος toû pínakos	τοῖν πῐνᾰ́κοιν toîn pinákoin	τῶν πῐνᾰ́κων tôn pinákōn
Dative	τῷ πῐ́νᾰκῐ tôi pínaki	τοῖν πῐνᾰ́κοιν toîn pinákoin	τοῖς πῐ́νᾰξῐ / πῐ́νᾰξῐν toîs pínaxi(n)
Accusative	τὸν πῐ́νᾰκᾰ tòn pínaka	τὼ πῐ́νᾰκε tṑ pínake	τοὺς πῐ́νᾰκᾰς toùs pínakas
Vocative	πῐ́νᾰξ pínax	πῐ́νᾰκε pínake	πῐ́νᾰκες pínakes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

• πινάκιον (pinákion)
• πινακίς (pinakís)
• πινακόγραφος (pinakógraphos)
• πινακοθήκη (pinakothḗkē)

 

Descendants

• Byzantine Greek: πινάκι (pináki)
  • → Italian: pinace (learned)
• Greek: πίνακας (pínakas)
• → Aramaic: פינכא (pinkaʾ)
  • → Classical Syriac: ܦܝܢܟܐ (pīnḵā)
    • → Persian: پنگان (pengân) (learned) (if not directly borrowed from Ancient Greek)
      • → Arabic: فِنْجَان (finjān)
        • → Persian: فنجان (fenjân)
        • → Ottoman Turkish: فنجان (fincan)
          • Turkish: fincan
• → English: pinak-, pinac-
• → Hebrew: פנקס (learned)
• → Italian: pinax (learned)
• → Latin: pinax (learned)
• → Old Armenian: պնակ (pnak)
  • Armenian: պնակ (pnak)
    • → Udi: пӏинаькӏ (ṗinäḳ) (learned) (if not directly borrowed from Ancient Greek)
• → Old Georgian: პინაკი (ṗinaḳi), პინაგი (ṗinagi)
  • Georgian: პინა (ṗina), → პინაკი (ṗinaḳi) (learned)
• → Ossetian: фынг (fyng) (learned) (possibly)

Further reading

• “πίναξ”, in ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ [Logeion] Dictionaries for Ancient Greek and Latin (in English, French, Spanish, German, Dutch and Chinese), University of Chicago, since 2011
• “πίναξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “πίναξ”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “πίναξ”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
• πίναξ in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
• πίναξ in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G4094 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • board idem, page 86.
  • chart idem, page 126.
  • letter idem, page 486.
  • map idem, page 513.
  • paper idem, page 591.
  • register idem, page 687.
  • slate idem, page 782.
  • tablet idem, page 851.
• Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “պնակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 92b
• Boisacq, Émile (1916) “πίναξ”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 785
• Chantraine, Pierre (1968–1980) “πίναξ”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque (in French), Paris: Klincksieck, page 903ab
• Fick, August (1890) Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, volume I, bearbeitet von Adalbert Bezzenberger, August Fick, Whitley Stokes, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 83, 482
• Frisk, Hjalmar (1970) “πίναξ”, in Griechisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 539
• Hofmann, J. B. (1949) “πίναξ”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Griechischen‎^[2] (in German), Munich: R. Oldenbourg, page 270
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 830