φεύγω
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Hellenic *pʰéugō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg- (“to flee”). Related to φυγή (phugḗ, verbal noun) and Latin fugiō.
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /pʰěu̯.ɡɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpʰew.ɡo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈɸeβ.ɣo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈfev.ɣo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈfev.ɣo/
Verb
editφεύγω • (pheúgō)
- (intransitive) to flee, run off, go a certain direction with haste (often with prepositions)
- (transitive) to flee, escape, avoid, get away from (danger or trouble)
- (transitive or intransitive) to leave the country, go into exile
- (intransitive) to be exiled, banished, driven out of the country [with ὑπό (hupó, + genitive) ‘by someone’]
- (intransitive, present and imperfect) to be in exile, live in banishment
- (perfect) to have escaped, be safe from
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 1.11–12:
- ἔνθ’ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον
οἴκοι ἔσαν, πόλεμόν τε πεφευγότες ἠδὲ θάλασσαν·- énth’ álloi mèn pántes, hósoi phúgon aipùn ólethron
oíkoi ésan, pólemón te pepheugótes ēdè thálassan; - At that time, all the others that had fled sheer destruction
were at home, having escaped war and the sea.
- énth’ álloi mèn pántes, hósoi phúgon aipùn ólethron
- ἔνθ’ ἄλλοι μὲν πάντες, ὅσοι φύγον αἰπὺν ὄλεθρον
- (law, chiefly present and imperfect) to be accused of a crime; often with δίκην (díkēn) and genitive of the crime
Usage notes
editThe present and imperfect often have a conative reading: to try to get away, intend to leave.
Inflection
editFuture active only appears in Koine Greek, in the form ἐκφεύξω (ekpheúxō).
Present: φεύγω, φεύγομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφευγον | ἔφευγες | ἔφευγε(ν) | ἐφεύγετον | ἐφευγέτην | ἐφεύγομεν | ἐφεύγετε | ἔφευγον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐφευγόμην | ἐφεύγου | ἐφεύγετο | ἐφεύγεσθον | ἐφευγέσθην | ἐφευγόμεθᾰ | ἐφεύγεσθε | ἐφεύγοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φεῦγον | φεῦγες | φεῦγε(ν) | φεύγετον | φευγέτην | φεύγομεν | φεύγετε | φεῦγον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | φευγόμην | φεύγου | φεύγετο | φεύγεσθον | φευγέσθην | φευγόμε(σ)θᾰ | φεύγεσθε | φεύγοντο | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Imperfect: φεύγεσκον, φευγεσκόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φεύγεσκον | φεύγεσκες | φεύγεσκε(ν) | φευγέσκετον | φευγεσκέτην | φευγέσκομεν | φευγέσκετε | φεύγεσκον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | φευγεσκόμην | φευγέσκου | φευγέσκετο | φευγέσκεσθον | φευγεσκέσθην | φευγεσκόμεθᾰ | φευγέσκεσθε | φευγέσκοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Future: φεύξομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle | indicative | φεύξομαι | φεύξῃ, φεύξει |
φεύξεται | φεύξεσθον | φεύξεσθον | φευξόμεθᾰ | φεύξεσθε | φεύξονται | ||||
optative | φευξοίμην | φεύξοιο | φεύξοιτο | φεύξοισθον | φευξοίσθην | φευξοίμεθᾰ | φεύξοισθε | φεύξοιντο | |||||
middle | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φεύξεσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φευξόμενος | |||||||||||
f | φευξομένη | ||||||||||||
n | φευξόμενον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||
active | indicative | φεύξω | φεύξεις | φεύξει | φεύξετον | φεύξετον | φεύξομεν | φεύξετε | φεύξουσῐ(ν) |
optative | φεύξοιμῐ | φεύξοις | φεύξοι | φεύξοιτον | φευξοίτην | φεύξοιμεν | φεύξοιτε | φεύξοιεν | |
active | |||||||||
infinitive | φεύξειν | ||||||||
participle | m | φεύξων | |||||||
f | φεύξουσᾰ | ||||||||
n | φεῦξον |
Aorist: ἔφῠγον
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔφῠγον | ἔφῠγες | ἔφῠγε(ν) | ἐφῠ́γετον | ἐφῠγέτην | ἐφῠ́γομεν | ἐφῠ́γετε | ἔφῠγον | ||||
subjunctive | φῠ́γω | φῠ́γῃς | φῠ́γῃ | φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γωμεν | φῠ́γητε | φῠ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φῠ́γοιμῐ | φῠ́γοις | φῠ́γοι | φῠ́γοιτον | φῠγοίτην | φῠ́γοιμεν | φῠ́γοιτε | φῠ́γοιεν | |||||
imperative | φῠ́γε | φῠγέτω | φῠ́γετον | φῠγέτων | φῠ́γετε | φῠγόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φῠγεῖν | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φῠγών | |||||||||||
f | φῠγοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | φῠγόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φῠ́γον | φῠ́γες | φῠ́γε(ν) | φῠ́γετον | φῠγέτην | φῠ́γομεν | φῠ́γετε | φῠ́γον | ||||
subjunctive | φῠ́γω, φῠ́γωμῐ |
φῠ́γῃς, φῠ́γῃσθᾰ |
φῠ́γῃ, φῠ́γῃσῐ |
φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γητον | φῠ́γωμεν | φῠ́γητε | φῠ́γωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | φῠ́γοιμῐ | φῠ́γοις/φῠ́γοισθᾰ | φῠ́γοι | φῠγεῖτον | φῠγείτην | φῠγεῖμεν | φῠγεῖτε | φῠγεῖεν | |||||
imperative | φῠ́γε | φῠγέτω | φῠ́γετον | φῠγέτων | φῠ́γετε | φῠγόντων | |||||||
active | |||||||||||||
infinitive | φῠγέειν/φῠγεῖν/φῠγέμεν(αι) | ||||||||||||
participle | m | φῠγών | |||||||||||
f | φῠγοῦσᾰ | ||||||||||||
n | φῠγόν | ||||||||||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | φῠ́γεσκον | φῠ́γεσκες | φῠ́γεσκε(ν) | φῠγέσκετον | φῠγεσκέτην | φῠγέσκομεν | φῠγέσκετε | φῠ́γεσκον | ||||
Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Antonyms
edit- (antonym(s) of “to flee, be accused”): διώκω (diṓkō, “to pursue, accuse”)
Derived terms
edit- with prepositional prefixes
- ἀναφεύγω (anapheúgō)
- ἀποφεύγω (apopheúgō)
- διαφεύγω (diapheúgō)
- διεκφεύγω (diekpheúgō)
- ἐκφεύγω (ekpheúgō)
- καταφεύγω (katapheúgō)
- περιφεύγω (peripheúgō)
- προφεύγω (propheúgō)
- προκαταφεύγω (prokatapheúgō)
- προσφεύγω (prospheúgō)
- συμφεύγω (sumpheúgō)
- ὑπεκφεύγω (hupekpheúgō)
- ὑπεκπροφεύγω (hupekpropheúgō)
- ὑποφεύγω (hupopheúgō)
- suffixed
Related terms
editDescendants
edit- Mariupol Greek: фегну (fjehnu)
References
edit“φεύγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “φεύγω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “φεύγω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- φεύγω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- φεύγω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “φεύγω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G5343 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
Greek
editEtymology
editFrom Ancient Greek φεύγω (pheúgō, “flee”) (the sense "leave" since mediaeval times. From Proto-Hellenic *pʰéugō, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰewg-. Has been displaced by δραπετεύω (drapetévo) in the Ancient Greek sense of "to flee".
Pronunciation
editVerb
editφεύγω • (févgo) (past έφυγα, passive —)
- (intransitive) to leave, depart, go
- πότε φεύγει;
- póte févgei;
- when does it leave?
- (transitive) to leave from, depart from [with από]
- Το πλοίο φεύγει από τον Πειραιά.
- To ploío févgei apó ton Peiraiá.
- The boat leaves from Piraeus.
Conjugation
editφεύγω (active forms only)
Active voice ➤ | ||||
Indicative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect ➤ | Perfective aspect ➤ | ||
Non-past tenses ➤ | Present ➤ | Dependent ➤ | ||
1 sg | φεύγω | φύγω | ||
2 sg | φεύγεις | φύγεις | ||
3 sg | φεύγει | φύγει | ||
1 pl | φεύγουμε, [‑ομε] | φύγουμε, [‑ομε] | ||
2 pl | φεύγετε | φύγετε | ||
3 pl | φεύγουν(ε) | φύγουν(ε) | ||
Past tenses ➤ | Imperfect ➤ | Simple past ➤ | ||
1 sg | έφευγα | έφυγα | ||
2 sg | έφευγες | έφυγες | ||
3 sg | έφευγε | έφυγε | ||
1 pl | φεύγαμε | φύγαμε | ||
2 pl | φεύγατε | φύγατε | ||
3 pl | έφευγαν, φεύγαν(ε) | έφυγαν, φύγαν(ε) | ||
Future tenses ➤ | Continuous ➤ | Simple ➤ | ||
1 sg | θα φεύγω ➤ | θα φύγω ➤ | ||
2,3 sg, 1,2,3 pl | θα φεύγεις, … | θα φύγεις, … | ||
Perfect aspect ➤ | ||||
Present perfect ➤ | έχω, έχεις, … φύγει | |||
Past perfect ➤ | είχα, είχες, … φύγει | |||
Future perfect ➤ | θα έχω, θα έχεις, … φύγει | |||
Subjunctive mood ➤ | Formed using present, dependent (for simple past) or present perfect from above with a particle (να, ας). | |||
Imperative mood ➤ | Imperfective aspect | Perfective aspect | ||
2 sg | φεύγε | φύγε, φεύγα | ||
2 pl | φεύγετε | φύγετε, φευγάτε1 | ||
Other forms | ||||
Active present participle ➤ | φεύγοντας ➤ | |||
Active perfect participle ➤ | έχοντας φύγει ➤ | |||
Passive perfect participle ➤ | — | |||
Nonfinite form ➤ | φύγει | |||
Notes Appendix:Greek verbs |
1. Colloquial. • (…) optional or informal. […] rare. {…} learned, archaic. • Multiple forms are shown in order of reducing frequency. • Periphrastic imperative forms may be produced using the subjunctive. | |||
Synonyms
edit- αναχωρώ (anachoró)
Antonyms
editDerived terms
edit- όπου φύγει φύγει (ópou fýgei fýgei)
Related terms
editCompounds
- αποφεύγω (apofévgo, “avoid”)
- διαφεύγω (diafévgo, “escape, elude”)
- εκφεύγω (ekfévgo)
- καταφεύγω (katafévgo, “take refuge”)
- ξαναφεύγω (xanafévgo, “depart again”)
- ξεφεύγω (xefévgo)
- προσφεύγω (prosfévgo)
- υπεκφεύγω (ypekfévgo)
- φοροαποφεύγω (foroapofévgo)
- φοροδιαφεύγω (forodiafévgo)
Stems φευγ- φυγ- φευκ-
- αναπόφευκτος (anapófefktos, “unavoidable”)
- αφεύγατος (afévgatos, “unavoidable”) (literary)
- άφευκτος (áfefktos)
- καταφύγιο n (katafýgio, “shelter”) and see καταφεύγω (katafévgo)
- κεντρόφυγος (kentrófygos)
- κρησφύγετο n (krisfýgeto)
- πρόσφυγας m (prósfygas, “refugee”) and see προσφεύγω (prosfévgo)
- φεύγα n (févga, “a backgammon game”)
- φευγάλα f (fevgála)
- φευγαλέος (fevgaléos)
- φευγατίζω (fevgatízo)
- φευγάτος (fevgátos, “gone; ready to go; inattentive”)
- φευγιό n (fevgió)
- φοροφυγάς m (forofygás)
- φυγάδευση f (fygádefsi)
- φυγαδεύω (fygadévo)
- φυγάς m (fygás, “fugitive”)
- φυγή f (fygí, “escape, flight”) & compounds
- φυγο- (fygo-) compounds
See also
editFurther reading
edit- φεύγω, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language
Categories:
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ancient Greek terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰewg- (flee)
- Ancient Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Ancient Greek 2-syllable words
- Ancient Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ancient Greek lemmas
- Ancient Greek verbs
- Ancient Greek intransitive verbs
- Ancient Greek transitive verbs
- Ancient Greek terms with quotations
- grc:Law
- Greek terms inherited from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms derived from Ancient Greek
- Greek terms inherited from Proto-Hellenic
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Hellenic
- Greek terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Greek terms with IPA pronunciation
- Greek lemmas
- Greek verbs
- Greek intransitive verbs
- Greek terms with usage examples
- Greek transitive verbs
- Greek verb conjugation group 'φεύγω'
- Greek verbs lacking passive forms