ψάω
Ancient Greek
editAlternative forms
edit- ψώω (psṓō)
Etymology
editTraditionally compared to Sanskrit प्साति (psāti, “to chew, eat, devour”) and explained as vocalic enlargements from Proto-Indo-European *bʰes-, found in Sanskrit बभस्ति (babhasti, “to chew, devour”). Meier-Brügger links the word to Hittite [script needed] (peš, “to rub, scrub”), which departs from the root *pes-. According to Beekes, the Indo-European explanations must be given up; the group of words is probably Pre-Greek, especially given the coexistence of ψαίω (psaíō), ψαύω (psaúō) and ψίω (psíō), which cannot be explained if we start from a PIE form.[1]
Pronunciation
edit- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /psǎː.ɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈpsa.o/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈpsa.o/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈpsa.o/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈpsa.o/
Verb
editψάω • (psáō)
Inflection
editnumber | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ψῶ | ψῇς | ψῇ | ψῆτον | ψῆτον | ψῶμεν | ψῆτε | ψῶσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ψῶ | ψῇς | ψῇ | ψῆτον | ψῆτον | ψῶμεν | ψῆτε | ψῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ψῴην, ψῷμῐ |
ψῴης, ψῷς |
ψῴη, ψῷ |
ψῷτον, ψῴητον |
ψῴτην, ψῳήτην |
ψῷμεν, ψῴημεν |
ψῷτε, ψῴητε |
ψῷεν, ψῴησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ψῆ | ψήτω | ψῆτον | ψήτων | ψῆτε | ψώντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ψῶμαι | ψῇ | ψῆται | ψῆσθον | ψῆσθον | ψώμεθᾰ | ψῆσθε | ψῶνται | ||||
subjunctive | ψῶμαι | ψῇ | ψῆται | ψῆσθον | ψῆσθον | ψώμεθᾰ | ψῆσθε | ψῶνται | |||||
optative | ψῴμην | ψῷο | ψῷτο | ψῷσθον | ψῴσθην | ψῴμεθᾰ | ψῷσθε | ψῷντο | |||||
imperative | ψῶ | ψήσθω | ψῆσθον | ψήσθων | ψῆσθε | ψήσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ψῆν | ψῆσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ψῶν | ψώμενος | ||||||||||
f | ψῶσᾰ | ψωμένη | |||||||||||
n | ψῶν | ψώμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἔψων | ἔψης | ἔψη | ἐψῆτον | ἐψήτην | ἐψῶμεν | ἐψῆτε | ἔψων | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἐψώμην | ἐψῶ | ἐψῆτο | ἐψῆσθον | ἐψήσθην | ἐψώμεθᾰ | ἐψῆσθε | ἐψῶντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ψήσω | ψήσεις | ψήσει | ψήσετον | ψήσετον | ψήσομεν | ψήσετε | ψήσουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ψήσοιμῐ | ψήσοις | ψήσοι | ψήσοιτον | ψησοίτην | ψήσοιμεν | ψήσοιτε | ψήσοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ψήσομαι | ψήσῃ, ψήσει |
ψήσεται | ψήσεσθον | ψήσεσθον | ψησόμεθᾰ | ψήσεσθε | ψήσονται | ||||
optative | ψησοίμην | ψήσοιο | ψήσοιτο | ψήσοισθον | ψησοίσθην | ψησοίμεθᾰ | ψήσοισθε | ψήσοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ψηθήσομαι | ψηθήσῃ | ψηθήσεται | ψηθήσεσθον | ψηθήσεσθον | ψηθησόμεθᾰ | ψηθήσεσθε | ψηθήσονται | ||||
optative | ψηθησοίμην | ψηθήσοιο | ψηθήσοιτο | ψηθήσοισθον | ψηθησοίσθην | ψηθησοίμεθᾰ | ψηθήσοισθε | ψηθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ψήσειν | ψήσεσθαι | ψηθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ψήσων | ψησόμενος | ψηθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ψήσουσᾰ | ψησομένη | ψηθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ψῆσον | ψησόμενον | ψηθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Perfect: ἔψημαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἔψημαι | ἔψησαι | ἔψηται | ἔψησθον | ἔψησθον | ἐψήμεθᾰ | ἔψησθε | ἔψηνται | ||||
subjunctive | ἐψημένος ὦ | ἐψημένος ᾖς | ἐψημένος ᾖ | ἐψημένω ἦτον | ἐψημένω ἦτον | ἐψημένοι ὦμεν | ἐψημένοι ἦτε | ἐψημένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἐψημένος εἴην | ἐψημένος εἴης | ἐψημένος εἴη | ἐψημένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἐψημένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἐψημένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἐψημένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἐψημένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἔψησο | ἐψήσθω | ἔψησθον | ἐψήσθων | ἔψησθε | ἐψήσθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἐψῆσθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἐψημένος | |||||||||||
f | ἐψημένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἐψημένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
|
Derived terms
edit- παλίμψηστος (palímpsēstos)
Related terms
editReferences
edit- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ψῆν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1665-6
Further reading
edit- “ψάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ψάω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- ψάω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette