да

See also: -да and Appendix:Variations of "da"

Abaza

Etymology

From Proto-Abkhaz-Abaza *dá.

Noun

да • (da)

1. vein, sinew

Belarusian

Alternative forms

• da — Łacinka (Belarusian Latin alphabet)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *do, from Proto-Indo-European *de.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [da]

Preposition

да • (da) (+ genitive case)

1. before
2. to, up to, till, until

   ад часу да часу ― ad času da času ― from time to time

3. with respect to, concerning, regarding

Derived terms

• да- (da-)

References

• “да” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
• “да”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)

Bulgarian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *da.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [da]

• Audio:

  (file)

Particle

да • (da)

1. word used to indicate agreement or acceptance: yes

   Да, прав си.

   Da, prav si.

   Yes, you are correct.

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *da (in the conjunction sense), related to the first etymology.

Pronunciation

• (stressed) IPA^(key): [ˈda]

• Audio:

  (file)

  (homophonous with Etymology 1)
• (unstressed) IPA^(key): [dɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Particle

да • (da)

1. used to express a command

   Да влезе!

   Da vleze!

   Let him/her/it come in!

   Да не съм те чул да се оплакваш!

   Da ne sǎm te čul da se oplakvaš!

   Don't let me hear you complain!

2. used to express a wish

   Да почива в мир.

   Da počiva v mir.

   May he/she/it rest in peace.

   Да живее кралят.

   Da živee kraljat.

   Long live the king!

3. used to make offers, suggestions or ask advice

   Да излезем ли по-късно?

   Da izlezem li po-kǎsno?

   Shall we go out later?

   Да вървим!

   Da vǎrvim!

   Let's go!

4. used to ask questions

   Да си ми виждал ключовете?

   Da si mi viždal ključovete?

   Have you seen my keys?

   Да съм ти искал мнението?

   Da sǎm ti iskal mnenieto?

   Did I ask for your opinion?

Conjunction

да • (da)

1. particle: used to mark an infinitive, to (or in some other cases, such as with modal verbs, it is not translated)

   Искам да напусна.

   Iskam da napusna.

   I want to leave.

   Не знам как да го кажа.

   Ne znam kak da go kaža.

   I don’t know how to say it.

   Да се греши е човешко.

   Da se greši e čoveško.

   To err is human.

   Започва да вали.

   Započva da vali.

   It's starting to rain.

   Да ти кажа истината,...

   Da ti kaža istinata,...

   To tell you the truth,...

   Мога да плувам.

   Moga da pluvam.

   I can swim.

   Трябва да тръгвам.

   Trjabva da trǎgvam.

   I must go.

2. if (only for conditions that are known to be false)

   Да си беше свършил работата както трябва, сега нямаше да сме забъркани в тази каша.

   Da si beše svǎršil rabotata kakto trjabva, sega njamaše da sme zabǎrkani v tazi kaša.

   Had you done your job properly, we wouldn't be in this mess now.

Anagrams

• ад (ad)

Chechen

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *daada.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdaː/

Noun

да̄ • (daa) class vb (ergative дас, plural дай)

1. father

References

• Nichols, Johanna, Vagapov, Arbi (2004) “да”, in Chechen–English and English–Chechen Dictionary, London and New York: RoutledgeCurzon, page 276

Etymology 2

See the verb дан.

Verb

да • (da)

1. to do

Dungan

Etymology

Cognate to Standard Mandarin 大 (dà)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ta⁴⁴/

Adjective

да • (da) (III)

1. big

Eastern Mari

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɑ/
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Hyphenation: да

Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Conjunction

да • (da)

1. and
2. and (connecting verb phrases)

   йӱр чарныш, да кече ончале

   jür čarnyš, da keče ončaĺe

   it stopped raining, and the sun started shining

3. but, however

   ыштынем, да ом мошто

   yštyńem, da om mošto

   I would do it, but I can't

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Russian да (da).

Particle

да • (da)

1. yes

   толат мо? да, толам

   tolat mo? da, tolam

   are you coming? yes, I'm coming

2. so, well, indeed (emphatic particle)

   да мый тыйым палем

   da myj tyjym paĺem

   well I know you

3. yes?, right?, isn't it?

   шоналтет да?

   šonaltet da?

   you'll think of it, won't you?

References

• J. Bradley et al. (2023) “да”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Ingush

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Nakh *daada.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈdaː/

Noun

да̄ • (daa) class vb (ergative дас, plural дай)

1. father

References

• Nichols, Johanna B. (2004) “да”, in Ingush–English and English–Ingush Dictionary, London and New York: Routledge, page 229

Komi-Zyrian

Etymology

Borrowed from Russian да (da).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈda/, [ˈdä]
• Hyphenation: да

Particle

да • (da)

1. yes

Antonyms

• абу (abu)

Conjunction

да • (da)

1. and
2. but
3. because, since
4. even though, although

References

• A. I. Podorova, editor (1948), Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], Syktyvkar: Коми Государственное Издательство, page 59
• L. M. Beznosikova, E. A. Ajbabina, R. I. Kosnyreva (2000) Коми-русский словарь [Komi-Russian dictionary], →ISBN, page 166

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *da.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [da(ː)]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

да • (da)

1. (word used to indicate agreement or acceptance) yes

Conjunction

да • (da)

1. if

Usage notes

• This word is used in the sense of "if" mostly when the following verb is in the past tense or conditional mood or expresses an unrealistic scenario. Otherwise, "ако" tends to be used.

Interjection

да • (da)

1. really

   Веќе не сакам зима. ― Да?

   Veḱe ne sakam zima. ― Da?

   I no longer like winter. ― Really?

Particle

да • (da)

1. to (particle)

   Почнав да објаснувам. ― Počnav da objasnuvam. ― I started to explain.

   Можам да седнам. ― Možam da sednam. ― I can sit down.

2. let, may

   Да не се вратиш никогаш. ― Da ne se vratiš nikogaš. ― May you never come back.

   Да му умрат родителите. ― Da mu umrat roditelite. ― May his parents die.

Old Church Slavonic

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *da.

Conjunction

да • (da)

1. in order to
2. that
3. to

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *da. Cognates include Old Church Slavonic да (da) and Old Polish da.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dɑ/→/da/→/da/

• (ca. 9^th CE) IPA^(key): /dɑ/
• (ca. 11^th CE) IPA^(key): /da/
• (ca. 13^th CE) IPA^(key): /da/

• Hyphenation: да

Conjunction

да (da)

1. and
2. so that
   • 1076, Sviatoslav's izbornik‎^[1], page 2:

     рече бо въ сьрдьци моѥмь съкрꙑхъ словеса твоꙗ да не съгрѣшѫ тебѣ·

     reče bo vŭ sĭrdĭci mojemĭ sŭkryxŭ slovesa tvoja da ne sŭgrěšǫ tebě·

     For [one] said: In my heart I hid your words so' I won't commit a sin before you

Particle

да (da)

1. Used to mark a subjunctive aspect: may...

Descendants

• Old Ruthenian: да (da)
  • Belarusian: ды (dy)
  • Ukrainian: да (da)
• Russian: да (da) (see there for further descendants)

References

• Sreznevsky, Izmail I. (1893) “да”, in Матеріалы для Словаря древне-русскаго языка по письменнымъ памятникамъ [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old East Slavic Language Based on Written Monuments]‎^[2] (in Russian), volume 1 (А – К), Saint Petersburg: Department of Russian Language and Literature of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 619

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old East Slavic да (da), from Proto-Slavic *da.

Pronunciation 1

• IPA^(key): [ˈda]

• Audio:

  (file)

Adverb

да • (da)

1. yes

   Да, я зна́ю. ― Da, ja znáju. ― Yeah, I know.

Antonyms

• нет (net, “no, not”)

Descendants

• → English: da
• → Karelian:
  • North Karelian: ta
  • South Karelian: da
• → Komi-Zyrian: да (da)

Pronunciation 2

• IPA^(key): [ˈda]

• Audio:

  (file)

Interjection

да • (da)

1. yes (used to confirm that the person being addressed is listening)
2. right, isn't it (used at the end of an affirmative sentence, turning what was said into a question, asking for confirmation)

   Synonyms: ве́рно (vérno), да ведь (da vedʹ), не так ли (ne tak li), пра́вда (právda), пра́вда ведь (právda vedʹ), так (tak), так ведь (tak vedʹ)

   Ты спра́вишься, да? ― Ty správišʹsja, da? ― You can handle this, right?

   Он то́же там у́чится, да? ― On tóže tam účitsja, da? ― He studies there too, doesn't he?

3. really (used to express surprise or ask for confirmation)

   Synonyms: пра́вда (právda), серьёзно (serʹjózno)

   — Мы с ней расста́лись уже́ как ме́сяц наза́д.
   — Да?

   — My s nej rasstálisʹ užé kak mésjac nazád.
   — Da?

   We broke up like a month ago.
   Really?

Pronunciation 3

• IPA^(key): [ˈda]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

да́ • (dá) n inan (indeclinable)

1. a "yes"

   Я бы сказа́л — э́то большо́е «да». ― Ja by skazál — éto bolʹšóje «da». ― I'd say that's a big "yes".

2. an affirmation in support of a cause (as used in slogans or appeals)

   Нет дискримина́ции! Да плюрали́зму! ― Net diskriminácii! Da pljuralízmu! ― No to discrimination! Yes to pluralism!

Pronunciation 4

• IPA^(key): [də]
• IPA^(key): [dɐ] (before a stressed syllable)

Particle

да • (da)

1. let, may [with finite verb]

   да бу́дет так ― da búdet tak ― so be it

   И сказа́л Бог: да бу́дет свет. ― I skazál Box: da búdet svet. ― And God said: let there be light.

   Да здра́вствует респу́блика! ― Da zdrávstvujet respúblika! ― Long live the republic!

Pronunciation 5

• IPA^(key): [də]
• IPA^(key): [dɐ] (before a stressed syllable)

Conjunction

да • (da)

1. (dated) and

   Он сам о себе́ говори́л, что ему́, как импера́тору Ка́рлу Вели́кому, недосу́г учи́ться чита́ть да писа́ть.

   On sam o sebé govoríl, što jemú, kak imperátoru Kárlu Velíkomu, nedosúg učítʹsja čitátʹ da pisátʹ.

   He said of himself that he was like the Emperor Charlemagne, too busy to learn to read and write.

   ходи́ть вокру́г да о́коло ― xodítʹ vokrúg da ókolo ― to beat around the bush (literally, “to walk around and about”)

   е́сли бы да кабы́ ― jésli by da kabý ― should've, would've, could've / if only (literally, “if only and if only”)

2. but

   Да грана́ты у него́ не той систе́мы!

   Da granáty u nevó ne toj sistémy!

   It's just - his grenades are the wrong caliber! (Quoted from White Sun of the Desert after antagonist fails to obtain grenades.)

Usage notes

Often used in idioms.

Descendants

• → Ingrian: da
• → Karelian:
  • South Karelian: da
• → Komi-Zyrian: да (da)

Pronunciation 6

• IPA^(key): [də]
• IPA^(key): [dɐ] (before a stressed syllable)

Particle

да • (da)

2. Used as an emphasiser, usually at the start of a sentence or phrase. In many cases, emphasises impatience or irritation, but in others may simply emphasise surprise or an observation.

   Да ты стал оптими́стом. ― Da ty stal optimístom. ― Well, you've become quite the optimist.

   Да он рома́нтик. ― Da on romántik. ― I see he's quite the romantic.

   Да что с тобо́й тако́е? ― Da što s tobój takóje? ― What's up with you? (implying something has been visibly wrong for some time)

   Да как ты сме́ешь? ― Da kak ty sméješʹ? ― How dare you?

   да ла́дно (тебе́/вам) ― da ládno (tebé/vam) ― come on / give me a break / really

   ну да ла́дно ― nu da ládno ― but okay / but alright / but whatever / anyway

   да нет ― da net ― oh, no; nah (a politely emphatic or reassuring no)

   — Ты же замёрзнешь! — Да нет, про́сто нужна́ тёплая оде́жда.

   — Ty že zamjórznešʹ! — Da net, prósto nužná tjóplaja odéžda.

   — You'll freeze! — Nah, I just need warm clothes.

   да ещё (и) ― da ješčó (i) ― and also / and even

   Да говорю́ же тебе́. ― Da govorjú že tebé. ― I'm telling you (and have been this whole time).

   Да пошёл он (к чёрту). ― Da pošól on (k čórtu). ― Oh to hell with him.

   Да э́то же Ник со́бственной персо́ной. ― Da éto že Nik sóbstvennoj persónoj. ― Well, if it isn't Nick himself.

   Да кака́я ра́зница? ― Da kakája ráznica? ― Who cares? (implying the irrelevance has been obvious for some time)

   да ну (тебя́/вас) ― da nu (tebjá/vas) ― yeah, right / come on

   Да ра́ди бо́га. ― Da rádi bóga. ― Oh for God's sake.

   Да зна́ю я, в э́том и пробле́ма! ― Da znáju ja, v étom i probléma! ― I know, that's the problem!

   Э́то о чём-то да говори́т. ― Éto o čom-to da govorít. ― That says (at least) something.

   Я всё для них де́лал, да и сейча́с продолжа́ю де́лать. ― Ja vsjo dlja nix délal, da i sejčás prodolžáju délatʹ. ― I've been doing everything for them, and actually still am.

   • 2019, Екатерина Вильям-Вильмонт, Фальшивый папа:

     — Она́ тебе́ не нра́вится? — Да нет, она́ неплоха́я, но что́-то с ней стра́нное происхо́дит.

     — Oná tebé ne nrávitsja? — Da net, oná neploxája, no štó-to s nej stránnoje proisxódit.

     — You don't like her? — No, no, she's nice, but something weird's going on with her.

3. Used as an emphasiser before an imperative verb to express urgency.

   Да переста́нь, ты меня́ смуща́ешь. ― Da perestánʹ, ty menjá smuščáješʹ. ― Oh stop it, you're embarrassing me.

   Да забу́дь ты уже́ об э́том. ― Da zabúdʹ ty užé ob étom. ― Oh forget it already.

   Да заткни́сь же ты наконе́ц. ― Da zatknísʹ že ty nakonéc. ― Will you shut it already?

Usage notes

Can in many cases (but not all) be understood by replacing with "Oh".

Related terms

• да блядь (da bljadʹ)
• да уж (da už)

Etymology 2

Abbreviation of дека- (deka-)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈdɛkə-]
• IPA^(key): [ˈdɛkɐ-] (before a stressed syllable)

Prefix

да • (da)

1. da, deca- (x 10)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *da, probably old imperative of the word да̏ти, itself from Proto-Indo-European *deh₃- (“to give”).

Conjunction

да (Latin spelling da)

1. that

   рекао је да ће доћи ― he said that he would come

   одговорио сам му да немам појма о чему прича ― I've told him that I have no idea what he was talking about

2. in order to, to

   дошао је да ми све исприча ― he came to tell me everything

   стигао је у нашу земљу да научи наш језик ― he arrived in our country in order to learn our language

3. to (when the subjects of both clauses are not the same)

   он хоће да му покажете пут до станице ― he wants you to show him the way to the station

4. (Serbia) to (when the subjects of both clauses are the same; for western Serbo-Croatian use infinitive instead of да + present tense)

   он жели да прича с вама ― he wants to talk with you

5. (subjunctive only) if (= кад)

   да сам на вашем м(ј)есту, не бих се пуно замарао таквим детаљима ― if I were you, I wouldn't bother too much with such details

   да си више радио, зарадио би више новца ― if you worked harder, you would have earned more money

6. (with ка̏о) as if, like

   с(ј)ећам се, као да је било јуче(р) ― I remember, as if it were yesterday

   као да не знаш о чему причам ― as if you don't know what I'm talking about

7. (а + да + не) without (usually after negative verbs)

   не могу се укључити у расправу, а да не направим неред ― I cannot enter a discussion without making a mess

   одлази, а да није рекао ни збогом ― he's leaving without even saying goodbye

8. (а + и + да) even if

   а и да јесам то направио, не би то учинило неку разлику ― even if I did it, it wouldn't have made much of a difference

9. lest

   онај који се бори против чудовишта треба пазити да тиме и сам не постане чудовиште ― he who fights with monsters might take care lest he thereby become a monster

Particle

да (Latin spelling da)

1. yes

   Је ли тако? Да! ― Is that so? Yes!

2. used when starting a question

   да ли сте жедни? ― are you thirsty?

   реци ми да ли је то истина? ― tell me if that is true?

3. in combination with other words, expressing wish, command etc.

   да се ниси усудио! ― don't you dare!

   да̑ Бог! ― may God grant it!

   да почнемо! ― let's begin!

Ubykh

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [da]

Adverb

да • (da)

1. now

References

• Vogt, Hans (1963) Dictionnaire de la Langue Oubykh‎^[3] (in French), Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, page 111

Yakut

Etymology

Related to Yakut даҕаны (dağanı); compare Tuvan даа (daa), Turkish da.

Particle

да • (da)

1. even (expresses surprise)
2. With interrogative pronouns, forms negative indefinites.
3. ... да ... да = both ... and ...

   оҕо да улахан да ― oğo da ulaqan da ― (both) the child and the adult

   мин да, эн да ― min da, en da ― you and I

Derived terms

• ким да (kim da, “anybody, nobody”)
• туох да (tuoq da, “anything, nothing”)
• уонна да атын (uonna da atın, “and so on”)

See also

• даа (daa)