зяпам

Bulgarian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *zěpati (“to gape”). Meaning “to stare, to observe with amaze” may also reflect a contraction of an earlier *заяпам from Proto-Slavic *za(j)apati (“to observe”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈzʲa̟pɐm]
Audio: (file)

Verb

зя́пам • (zjápam) first-singular present indicative, impf (perfective зя́пна)

(transitive, obsolescent) to agape (one's mouth, а valve, an outlet)
(intransitive, figurative) to have one's mouth gaping
(by extension) to stare at, to observe, to gaze with amaze
зя́пам телевизия (transitive) ― zjápam televizija ― to watch casually TV

зя́пам по хората (intransitive) ― zjápam po horata ― to give stares at the people

Conjugation

Conjugation of зя́пам (conjugation 3, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	зя́пащ zjápašt	зя́пал, зяпа́л¹ zjápal, zjapál¹	зя́пал zjápal	зя́пан zjápan		зя́пайки zjápajki
	definite subject form	зя́пащият zjápaštijat	зя́палият, зяпа́лият¹ zjápalijat, zjapálijat¹	—	зя́паният zjápanijat
	definite object form	зя́пащия zjápaštija	зя́палия, зяпа́лия¹ zjápalija, zjapálija¹	—	зя́пания zjápanija
feminine	indefinite	зя́паща zjápašta	зя́пала, зяпа́ла¹ zjápala, zjapála¹	зя́пала zjápala	зя́пана zjápana
feminine	definite	зя́пащата zjápaštata	зя́палата, зяпа́лата¹ zjápalata, zjapálata¹	—	зя́паната zjápanata
neuter	indefinite	зя́пащо zjápašto	зя́пало, зяпа́ло¹ zjápalo, zjapálo¹	зя́пало zjápalo	зя́пано zjápano	зя́пане zjápane
neuter	definite	зя́пащото zjápaštoto	зя́палото, зяпа́лото¹ zjápaloto, zjapáloto¹	—	зя́паното zjápanoto	зя́пането zjápaneto
plural	indefinite	зя́пащи zjápašti	зя́пали, зяпа́ли¹ zjápali, zjapáli¹	зя́пали zjápali	зя́пани zjápani	зя́пания, зя́панета zjápanija, zjápaneta
plural	definite	зя́пащите zjápaštite	зя́палите, зяпа́лите¹ zjápalite, zjapálite¹	—	зя́паните zjápanite	зя́панията, зя́панетата zjápanijata, zjápanetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		зя́пам zjápam	зя́паш zjápaš	зя́па zjápa	зя́паме zjápame	зя́пате zjápate	зя́пат zjápat
imperfect		зя́пах zjápah	зя́паше zjápaše	зя́паше zjápaše	зя́пахме zjápahme	зя́пахте zjápahte	зя́паха zjápaha
aorist		зя́пах, зяпа́х¹ zjápah, zjapáh¹	зя́па, зяпа́¹ zjápa, zjapá¹	зя́па, зяпа́¹ zjápa, zjapá¹	зя́пахме, зяпа́хме¹ zjápahme, zjapáhme¹	зя́пахте, зяпа́хте¹ zjápahte, zjapáhte¹	зя́паха, зяпа́ха¹ zjápaha, zjapáha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and зя́пал m, зя́пала f, зя́пало n, or зя́пали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and зя́пал m, зя́пала f, зя́пало n, or зя́пали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and зя́пал m, зя́пала f, зя́пало n, or зя́пали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			зя́пай zjápaj			зя́пайте zjápajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Conjugation of зя́пам (conjugation 3, imperfective, intransitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	зя́пащ zjápašt	зя́пал, зяпа́л¹ zjápal, zjapál¹	зя́пал zjápal	—		зя́пайки zjápajki
	definite subject form	зя́пащият zjápaštijat	зя́палият, зяпа́лият¹ zjápalijat, zjapálijat¹	—	—
	definite object form	зя́пащия zjápaštija	зя́палия, зяпа́лия¹ zjápalija, zjapálija¹	—	—
feminine	indefinite	зя́паща zjápašta	зя́пала, зяпа́ла¹ zjápala, zjapála¹	зя́пала zjápala	—
feminine	definite	зя́пащата zjápaštata	зя́палата, зяпа́лата¹ zjápalata, zjapálata¹	—	—
neuter	indefinite	зя́пащо zjápašto	зя́пало, зяпа́ло¹ zjápalo, zjapálo¹	зя́пало zjápalo	—	зя́пане zjápane
neuter	definite	зя́пащото zjápaštoto	зя́палото, зяпа́лото¹ zjápaloto, zjapáloto¹	—	—	зя́пането zjápaneto
plural	indefinite	зя́пащи zjápašti	зя́пали, зяпа́ли¹ zjápali, zjapáli¹	зя́пали zjápali	—	зя́пания, зя́панета zjápanija, zjápaneta
plural	definite	зя́пащите zjápaštite	зя́палите, зяпа́лите¹ zjápalite, zjapálite¹	—	—	зя́панията, зя́панетата zjápanijata, zjápanetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		зя́пам zjápam	зя́паш zjápaš	зя́па zjápa	зя́паме zjápame	зя́пате zjápate	зя́пат zjápat
imperfect		зя́пах zjápah	зя́паше zjápaše	зя́паше zjápaše	зя́пахме zjápahme	зя́пахте zjápahte	зя́паха zjápaha
aorist		зя́пах, зяпа́х¹ zjápah, zjapáh¹	зя́па, зяпа́¹ zjápa, zjapá¹	зя́па, зяпа́¹ zjápa, zjapá¹	зя́пахме, зяпа́хме¹ zjápahme, zjapáhme¹	зя́пахте, зяпа́хте¹ zjápahte, zjapáhte¹	зя́паха, зяпа́ха¹ zjápaha, zjapáha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and зя́пал m, зя́пала f, зя́пало n, or зя́пали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and зя́пал m, зя́пала f, зя́пало n, or зя́пали pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and зя́пал m, зя́пала f, зя́пало n, or зя́пали pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and зя́пал/зяпа́л¹ m, зя́пала/зяпа́ла¹ f, зя́пало/зяпа́ло¹ n, or зя́пали/зяпа́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			зя́пай zjápaj			зя́пайте zjápajte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

verbs

зазяпам pf (zazjapam), зазяпвам impf (zazjapvam)
иззяпам pf (izzjapam), иззяпвам impf (izzjapvam)
назяпам се pf (nazjapam se), назяпвам се impf (nazjapvam se)
позяпам pf (pozjapam), позяпвам impf (pozjapvam)
прозяпам се pf (prozjapam se), прозяпвам се impf (prozjapvam se)

зя́пвам (zjápvam), зя́пкам (zjápkam) (semelfactive and/or inchoative)

nouns

(instrumental noun) зепа́ло (zepálo)
(instrumental noun) зя́пка (zjápka)
(agent noun) зя́пла f (zjápla)
(agent noun) зя́пльо m (zjápljo)
(agent noun) зяпа́ч m (zjapáč)
(agent noun) зяпа́чка f (zjapáčka)

Related terms

зе́я (zéja, “to gape”)
зев (zev, “orifice, aperture”)

References

“зяпам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“зяпам”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Nayden Gerov (1897) “зѣ́памь (зѣ́пвамь, да зѣ́пнѫ, зѣ́пнувамь)”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 2, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 166
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “зяпам, зяпвам, зяпна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 671

Russian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈzʲapəm]

Noun

зя́пам • (zjápam) f inan pl

dative plural of зя́па (zjápa)