кара

See also: қара, ҡара, and Appendix:Variations of "kara"

Belarusian

Etymology 1

From Old East Slavic кора (kora, “bark”), from Proto-Slavic *kora (“bark”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kaˈra]

Noun

кара́ • (kará) f inan (genitive кары́, uncountable)

1. bark (of trees)
2. crust

Declension

Declension of кара́ (inan sg-only hard fem-form accent-d)

	singular
nominative	кара́ kará
genitive	кары́ karý
dative	кары́ karý
accusative	кару́ karú
instrumental	каро́й, каро́ю karój, karóju
locative	кары́ karý

Etymology 2

From Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kor-.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkara]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ры, nominative plural ка́ры, genitive plural кар)

1. penalty, punishment, retribution

Declension

Declension of ка́ра (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ка́ра kára	ка́ры káry
genitive	ка́ры káry	кар kar
dative	ка́ры káry	ка́рам káram
accusative	ка́ру káru	ка́ры káry
instrumental	ка́рай, ка́раю káraj, káraju	ка́рамі kárami
locative	ка́ры káry	ка́рах kárax
count form	—	ка́ры1 káry1

¹Used with the numbers 2, 3, 4 and higher numbers after 20 ending in 2, 3, and 4.

Dolgan

Dolgan	кара
Sakha	‍хара

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara, compare Yakut хара (qara), Turkish kara.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ka.ɾa/

Adjective

кара • (kara)

1. black

Kyrgyz

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qara/

Adjective

кара • (kara) (comparative [please provide], superlative [please provide], Arabic spelling قارا)

1. black

See also

Colors in Kyrgyz · өңдөр (öŋdör), түстөр (tüstör) (layout · text)

ак (ak)	боз (boz)	кара (kara)
кызыл (kızıl); кара кочкул (kara kockul)	кызгылт сары (kızgılt sarı); күрөң (küröŋ)	сары (sarı); каймак түстүү (kaymak tüstüü)
саргыч жашыл (sargıc jaşıl)	жашыл (jaşıl)	жалбыз түстүү (jalbız tüstüü)
көгүш (kögüş)	көгүлтүр (kögültür),	көк (kök)
кызгылт көгүш (kızgılt kögüş); кочкул көк (kockul kök)	кочкул кызыл (kockul kızıl); кызгылт көк (kızgılt kök)	кызгылт (kızgılt)

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkaɾa]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *karati (“to punish, scold”).

Verb

кара • (kara) third-singular present, impf (perfective искара)

1. (transitive) to scold, reprimand

   Synonyms: прекори (prekori), прекорува (prekoruva)

Usage notes

• Whereas this word has a general application, it is often associated specifically with children, so using it to speak of adults being scolded, e.g. by their boss, may make it sound as though they were being infantilized. A more appropriate word for adults (and serious situations in general) would be "прекорува".

Conjugation

Conjugation of кара (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	карал	—	adjectival participle	каран
feminine	карала	—	adverbial participle	карајќи
neuter	карало	—	verbal noun	карање
plural	карале	—	perfect participle	карано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	карам	карав	—	—
2nd singular	караш	караше	—	карај
3rd singular	кара	караше	—	—
1st plural	караме	каравме	—	—
2nd plural	карате	каравте	—	карајте
3rd plural	караат	караа	—	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум карал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам карано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев карал		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав карано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал карано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе карам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам карано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе карав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав карано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум карал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал карано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би карал		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал карано		conditional of има + perfect participle

Related terms

• се кара (se kara), се искара (se iskara)

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

кара • (kara) third-singular present, impf (perfective окара)

1. (transitive, intransitive, dialectal) to swear, curse (profanity)

   Synonym: пцуе (pcue)

Conjugation

Conjugation of кара (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	карал	—	adjectival participle	каран
feminine	карала	—	adverbial participle	карајќи
neuter	карало	—	verbal noun	карање
plural	карале	—	perfect participle	карано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	карам	карав	—	—
2nd singular	караш	караше	—	карај
3rd singular	кара	караше	—	—
1st plural	караме	каравме	—	—
2nd plural	карате	каравте	—	карајте
3rd plural	караат	караа	—	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум карал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам карано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев карал		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав карано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал карано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе карам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам карано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе карав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав карано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум карал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал карано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би карал		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал карано		conditional of има + perfect participle

Etymology 3

Borrowed from German Karre (“cart, barrow”).

Noun

кара • (kara) f (plural кари)

1. military cart

Declension

Declension of кара

	singular	plural
indefinite	кара (kara)	кари (kari)
definite unspecified	карата (karata)	карите (karite)
definite proximal	карава (karava)	кариве (karive)
definite distal	карана (karana)	карине (karine)
vocative	каро (karo)	кари (kari)

References

• “кара” in Дигитален речник на македонскиот јазик (Digitalen rečnik na makedonskiot jazik) [Digital dictionary of the Macedonian language] − drmj.eu

Anagrams

• арка (arka), рака (raka)

Nogai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara. Cognate to Karakalpak qara, etc.

Adjective

кара • (kara)

1. black

References

• N. A. Baskakov, S.A Kalmykov, editor (1963), “кара”, in Nogajsko-Russkij Slovarʹ [Nogai-Russian Dictionary], Moscow: karačajevo-čerkesskij naučno- issledovatelʹskij institut jazyka, literatury i istorii, →ISBN

Russian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkarə]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”), from Proto-Indo-European *kor-. Cognate with Old Irish caire (“blame, disapproval”).

Noun

ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ры, nominative plural ка́ры, genitive plural кар)

1. penalty, punishment, retribution

Declension

Declension of ка́ра (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ка́ра kára	ка́ры káry
genitive	ка́ры káry	ка́р kár
dative	ка́ре káre	ка́рам káram
accusative	ка́ру káru	ка́ры káry
instrumental	ка́рой, ка́рою károj, károju	ка́рами kárami
prepositional	ка́ре káre	ка́рах kárax

Pre-reform declension of ка́ра (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-a) 

	singular	plural
nominative	ка́ра kára	ка́ры káry
genitive	ка́ры káry	ка́ръ kár
dative	ка́рѣ kárě	ка́рамъ káram
accusative	ка́ру káru	ка́ры káry
instrumental	ка́рой, ка́рою károj, károju	ка́рами kárami
prepositional	ка́рѣ kárě	ка́рахъ kárax

Related terms

• кара́тель (karátelʹ)
• кара́тельный (karátelʹnyj)
• кара́ть (karátʹ)

Etymology 2

Noun

ка́ра • (kára) m inan

1. genitive singular of кар (kar)

Anagrams

• а́рка (árka), ра́ка (ráka)

Southern Altai

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).

Noun

кара • (kara)

1. black

Tatar

Alternative forms

• qara

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /qɑ.ˈra/

Adjective

кара • (qara)

1. black (color)

See also

Colors in Tatar · төсләр (töslär) (layout · text)

ак (aq)	соры (sorı)	кара (qara)
кызыл (qızıl); кырмызы (qırmızı)	әфлисун (äflisun); көрән (körän)	сары (sarı)
сары-яшел (sarı-yaşel), лайм (laym)	яшел (yaşel)	куе яшел (quye yaşel)
яшел-зәңгәр (yaşel-zäñgär), күк (kük), фирәзә (firäzä); зәңгәр-яшел (zäñgär-yaşel)	зәңгәрсу (zäñgärsu)	зәңгәр (zäñgär)
шәмәхә (şämäxä); миләүшә (miläwşä)	кызыл-шәмәхә (qızıl-şämäxä), гөлчәчәк (gölçäçäk); шәмәхә (şämäxä)	алсу (alsu)

Tuvan

Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *kara (“black”). Cognate with Turkish kara (“black”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /k̠ɐ.ɾɐ/
• (Altay) IPA^(key): /qɐ.rɐ/

Adjective

кара • (kara)

1. black

Noun

кара • (kara) (definite accusative караны, plural каралар)

1. black (colour)

See also

Colors in Tuvan · өңнер (öñner) (layout · text)

ак (ak)	куу (kuu)	кара (kara)
кызыл (kızıl); ягаан (yagaan)	кызыл-сарыг (kızıl-sarıg); хүрең (xüreñ)	сарыг (sarıg); ак-сарыг (ak-sarıg)
сарыг-ногаан (sarıg-nogaan)	ногаан (nogaan)
	ак-көк (ak-kök)	көк (kök)
	өкпең (ökpeñ)	ак-кызыл (ak-kızıl)

Ukrainian

Etymology 1

From Proto-Slavic *kara (“punishment”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkarɐ]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

ка́ра • (kára) f inan (genitive ка́ри, nominative plural ка́ри, genitive plural кар)

1. penalty, punishment, retribution

   Synonym: покара́ння n (pokaránnja)

Declension

Declension of ка́ра (inan hard fem-form accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ка́ра kára	ка́ри káry
genitive	ка́ри káry	кар kar
dative	ка́рі kári	ка́рам káram
accusative	ка́ру káru	ка́ри káry
instrumental	ка́рою károju	ка́рами káramy
locative	ка́рі kári	ка́рах kárax
vocative	ка́ро káro	ка́ри káry

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Adjective

ка́ра • (kára)

1. feminine nominative singular of ка́рий (káryj)

References

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “кара”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• “кара”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)