клеймо
Bulgarian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Russian клеймо́ (klejmó), of Germanic origin (cognate with dial. English cloam).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editклеймо́ • (klejmó) n
- (historical) brand (on a slave or criminal)
Declension
editDerived terms
edit- кле́ймя (kléjmja), заклеймя́вам (zaklejmjávam, “to stigmatize”)
References
editRussian
editEtymology
editDialectally also клейно́ (klejnó); cognate with Ukrainian клеймо́ (klejmó), клейно́ (klejnó) and Belarusian кляймо́ (kljajmó), кляйно́ (kljajnó). Per Vasmer, borrowed from unattested Old High German *kleim (“glue, clay, mortar”), from Proto-West Germanic *klaim.
(Only Old High German kleimen (“to smear, to oil”) is attested, but the vowel sequence -ей- is most easily derived from Old High German or Old Norse among the Germanic languages, and Vasmer specifically denies a derivation from Old Norse kleima.)
Compare Old English clām (“clay, mud”) (whence dialectal English cloam (“clay”)), Middle Low German klēm (“glue, mortar, plaster”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editклеймо́ • (klejmó) n inan (genitive клейма́, nominative plural кле́йма, genitive plural клейм)
- brand, stamp, identification mark
- (figuratively) stain, taint as in tainted reputation
- stigma
Declension
editRelated terms
edit- клейми́ть (klejmítʹ), заклейми́ть (zaklejmítʹ)
- клейма не́где ста́вить (klejma négde stávitʹ)
Descendants
editReferences
edit- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “клеймо”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
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