копа

See also: копя

Eastern Mari

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /koˈpɑ/
• Rhymes: -ɑ
• Hyphenation: ко‧па

Noun

копа • (kopa)

1. (anatomy) hand
2. (zoology) paw, foot
3. (anatomy) palm (inner part of a hand)
4. (figuratively) vamp (upper part of shoe)
5. (figuratively) blade (of sickle, scythe)

Declension

Declension of копа
	singular	plural
nominative	копа (kopa)	копа-влак (kopa-vlak)
accusative	копам (kopam)	копа-влакым (kopa-vlakym)
genitive	копан (kopan)	копа-влакын (kopa-vlakyn)
dative	копалан (kopalan)	копа-влаклан (kopa-vlaklan)
comitative	копаге (kopage)	копа-влакге (kopa-vlakge)
comparative	копала (kopala)	копа-влакла (kopa-vlakla)
inessive	копаште (kopašte)	копа-влакыште (kopa-vlakyšte)
illative (short)	копаш (kopaš)	копа-влакыш (kopa-vlakyš)
illative (long)	копашке (kopaške)	копа-влакышке (kopa-vlakyške)
lative	копаш (kopaš)	копа-влакеш (kopa-vlakeš)

Possessed forms of копа
	singular	plural
1st person	копам (kopam)	копана (kopana)
2nd person	копат (kopat)	копада (kopada)
3rd person	копаже (kopaže)	копашт (kopašt)

References

• V. M. Vasiljev, Z. V. Uchaev (2003) Марийско-Русский словарь, Yoshkar-Ola, →ISBN, page 75
• J. Bradley et al. (2023) “копа”, in The Mari Web Project: Mari-English Dictionary, University of Vienna

Macedonian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɔpa]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kopati.

Verb

копа • (kopa) third-singular present, impf (perfective ископа)

1. (transitive) to dig
2. (intransitive, stative, colloquial) to stink

Conjugation

Conjugation of копа (imperfective, present in -а)

l-participles	imperfect	aorist	non-finite forms
masculine	копал	—	adjectival participle	копан
feminine	копала	—	adverbial participle	копајќи
neuter	копало	—	verbal noun	копање
plural	копале	—	perfect participle	копано
	present	imperfect	aorist	imperative
1st singular	копам	копав	—	—
2nd singular	копаш	копаше	—	копај
3rd singular	копа	копаше	—	—
1st plural	копаме	копавме	—	—
2nd plural	копате	копавте	—	копајте
3rd plural	копаат	копаа	—	—
Compound tenses
perfect	сум копал		present of сум (except in the 3rd person) + imperfect l-participle
има-perfect	имам копано		present of има + perfect participle
pluperfect	бев копал		imperfect of сум + imperfect l-participle
има-pluperfect	имав копано		imperfect of има + perfect participle
има-perfect reported	сум имал копано		perfect of има + perfect participle
future	ќе копам		ќе + present
има-future	ќе имам копано		future of има + perfect participle
future in the past	ќе копав		ќе + imperfect
има-future in the past	ќе имав копано		future in the past of има + perfect participle
future reported	ќе сум копал		ќе + imperfect l-participle
има-future reported	ќе сум имал копано		future reported of има + perfect participle
conditional	би копал		би + imperfect l-participle
има-conditional	би имал копано		conditional of има + perfect participle

Derived terms

• копало (kopalo)
• копач (kopač)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kopa.

Noun

копа • (kopa) f

1. haystack

Declension

Declension of копа

	singular	plural
indefinite	копа (kopa)	копи (kopi)
definite unspecified	копата (kopata)	копите (kopite)
definite proximal	копава (kopava)	копиве (kopive)
definite distal	копана (kopana)	копине (kopine)
vocative	копо (kopo)	копи (kopi)

Moksha

Noun

копа • (kopa)

1. (anatomy) back

Russian

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kopa.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɐˈpa]

Noun

копа́ • (kopá) f inan (genitive копы́, nominative plural ко́пы, genitive plural коп)

1. (regional) sixty pieces of something (e.g. eggs, cucumbers, sheaves of hay or rye, etc.)

Declension

Declension of копа́ (inan fem-form hard-stem accent-d) 

	singular	plural
nominative	копа́ kopá	ко́пы kópy
genitive	копы́ kopý	ко́п kóp
dative	копе́ kopé	ко́пам kópam
accusative	копу́ kopú	ко́пы kópy
instrumental	копо́й, копо́ю kopój, kopóju	ко́пами kópami
prepositional	копе́ kopé	ко́пах kópax

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “копа”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Sorokin, Yury S., editor (1998), “копа”, in Словарь русского языка XVIII века [Dictionary of the Russian Language 18th century] (in Russian), volume 10, Saint Petersburg: Nauka, page 159

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkopə]

Noun

ко́па • (kópa) m inan

1. genitive singular of коп (kop)

Ukrainian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kopa. Compare Belarusian капа́ (kapá), Russian копа́ (kopá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɔˈpa]

Noun

копа́ • (kopá) f inan (genitive копи́, nominative plural ко́пи, genitive plural кіп)

1. sixty pieces of something (e.g. sheaves of hay or rye, eggs, etc.)
2. (historical) village assembly, rural court

Declension

Declension of копа́ (inan hard fem-form accent-d' о-і)

	singular	plural
nominative	копа́ kopá	ко́пи kópy
genitive	копи́ kopý	кіп kip
dative	копі́ kopí	ко́пам kópam
accusative	ко́пу kópu	ко́пи kópy
instrumental	копо́ю kopóju	ко́пами kópamy
locative	копі́ kopí	ко́пах kópax
vocative	ко́по kópo	ко́пи kópy

Further reading

• Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “копа”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1985), “копа́”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volume 2 (Д – Копці), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 564
• “копа”, in Горох – Словозміна [Horokh – Inflection] (in Ukrainian)