лик

Bulgarian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [lik]

Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *likъ (“face”), of disputed origin. Possibly deverbal of ли́я (líja, “to pour, to cast”) with original meaning “contour, layout”.

Noun

лик • (lik) m (relational adjective ли́чав)

countenance, appearance
outline, profile, silhouette; (particularly) facial feature

Declension

Declension of лик

	singular	plural
indefinite	лик lik	ли́кове líkove
definite (subject form)	ли́кът líkǎt	ли́ковете líkovete
definite (object form)	ли́ка líka	ли́ковете líkovete
count form	—	ли́ка líka

Derived terms

nouns

и́злик (ízlik) (dialectal)
на́лик (nálik) (dialectal)
о́блик (óblik)

adjectives

бледолик (bledolik)
двулик (dvulik)
дебелолик (debelolik)
дълголик (dǎlgolik)
разнолик (raznolik)
тънколик (tǎnkolik)
чернолик (černolik)
широколик (širokolik)

Related terms

ли́ка f (líka, “feature, similarity”)
лице́ n (licé, “face”)
лича́ (ličá, “to distinguish”) (causative-iterative)

References

“лик¹”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“лик”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Nayden Gerov (1899) “ликъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎^[1] (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 13
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лик¹”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 397

Etymology 2

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *likъ (“play”), probably of Germanic origin, although the exact source is unknown (compare Gothic 𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌺𐌰𐌽 (laikan, “to jump around”)).

Noun

лик • (lik) m (ecclesiastical, dated)

choir, group of performers
лик певци ― lik pevci ― a choir of singers

лик от светци и мъченици ― lik ot svetci i mǎčenici ― an group of saints and martyrs
formal celebration, fest, rite (usually including singing and dancing)
Coordinate terms: веселба (veselba), тържество (tǎržestvo), честване (čestvane)
(dated) type of dance

Declension

Declension of лик

	singular	plural
indefinite	лик lik	ли́кове líkove
definite (subject form)	ли́кът líkǎt	ли́ковете líkovete
definite (object form)	ли́ка líka	ли́ковете líkovete
count form	—	ли́ка líka

Derived terms

verbs

лику́вам (likúvam, “to celebrate, to triumph”)

References

“лик², лик³, лик⁴”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лик²”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 398
“ликъ”, in Старобългарски речник [Old Bulgarian Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), https://histdict.uni-sofia.bg, 2011—2024

Macedonian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *likъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [lik]
Audio: (file)

Noun

лик • (lik) m (relational adjective личен)

character (e.g. in a book)
countenance

Declension

Declension of *лик*
	singular	plural
indefinite	лик (lik)	ликови (likovi)
definite unspecified	ликот (likot)	ликовите (likovite)
definite proximal	ликов (likov)	ликовиве (likovive)
definite distal	ликон (likon)	ликовине (likovine)
vocative	лику (liku)	ликови (likovi)
count form	—	лика (lika)

Russian

Alternative forms

ликъ (lik) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *likъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [lʲik]
Audio: (file)

Noun

лик • (lik) m inan (genitive ли́ка, nominative plural ли́ки, genitive plural ли́ков)

(poetic) face
(Eastern Orthodoxy) image or representation of a face on an icon

Declension

Declension of лик (inan masc-form velar-stem accent-a)

	singular	plural
nominative	ли́к lík	ли́ки líki
genitive	ли́ка líka	ли́ков líkov
dative	ли́ку líku	ли́кам líkam
accusative	ли́к lík	ли́ки líki
instrumental	ли́ком líkom	ли́ками líkami
prepositional	ли́ке líke	ли́ках líkax

Related terms

лицо́ (licó)

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *likъ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /lîːk/

Noun

ли̑к m (Latin spelling lȋk)

form, shape, figure, appearance
image, effigy
character, persona (in a work of art)
(by extension, colloquial) guy, bloke, dude, character
ти си неки чудан лик.
You're a weird guy.

Declension

Declension of лик

	singular	plural
nominative	ли̑к	лѝкови
genitive	лика	ликова
dative	лику	ликовима
accusative	лик	ликове
vocative	лику	ликови
locative	лику	ликовима
instrumental	ликом	ликовима