ручей

Bulgarian

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *ručьjь. Morphologically equivalent to руча́ (ručá, “to drone, to rattle”) +‎ -ей (-ej).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈrut͡ʃɛj]

Noun

ру́чей • (rúčej) m (diminutive ру́чейче)

1. brook, creek, beck (small, relatively fast river or stream)

   Synonym: (dialectal) блюка́ло (bljukálo)

2. (by extension) stream, flux

   Synonyms: пото́к (potók), (dialectal) стру́га (strúga)

Declension

Declension of руче́й

	singular	plural
indefinite	руче́й ručéj	руче́и ručéi
definite (subject form)	руче́ят ručéjat	руче́ите ručéite
definite (object form)	руче́я ručéja
count form	—	руче́я ručéja

Derived terms

• ручейни́к (ručejník, “caddisfly”)

Related terms

• ру́квам impf (rúkvam), ру́кна pf (rúkna, “to erupt, to gush; to shout, to cry out”)
• руча́ло (ručálo), ручи́ло (ručílo, “chanter, pipe”)

References

• “ручей”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
• “ручей”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
• Racheva, M., Todorov, T. A., editors (2002), “ручей”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 6 (пỳскам – словàр²), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 356

Russian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ručьjь. Akin to Ukrainian руча́й (ručáj), Czech ručej, Polish ruczaj.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [rʊˈt͡ɕej]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

руче́й • (ručéj) m inan (genitive ручья́, nominative plural ручьи́, genitive plural ручьёв, relational adjective руче́йный or ручьево́й or ручьёвый, diminutive ручеёк)

1. brook, stream, creek

Declension

Declension of руче́й (inan masc-form vowel-stem accent-b reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	руче́й ručéj	ручьи́ ručʹí
genitive	ручья́ ručʹjá	ручьёв ručʹjóv
dative	ручью́ ručʹjú	ручья́м ručʹjám
accusative	руче́й ručéj	ручьи́ ručʹí
instrumental	ручьём ručʹjóm	ручья́ми ručʹjámi
prepositional	ручье́ ručʹjé	ручья́х ručʹjáx

Pre-reform declension of руче́й (inan masc-form vowel-stem accent-b reduc) 

	singular	plural
nominative	руче́й ručéj	ручьи́ ručʹí
genitive	ручья́ ručʹjá	ручьёвъ ručʹjóv
dative	ручью́ ručʹjú	ручья́мъ ručʹjám
accusative	руче́й ručéj	ручьи́ ručʹí
instrumental	ручьёмъ ručʹjóm	ручья́ми ručʹjámi
prepositional	ручьѣ́ ručʹjě́	ручья́хъ ručʹjáx

Derived terms

• руче́йник m anim (ručéjnik)
• руче́йный (ručéjnyj)
• ручьево́й (ručʹjevój)
• ручьи́стый (ručʹístyj)

Phrases

• в три ручья́ (v tri ručʹjá)
  • лить слёзы в три ручья́ impf (litʹ sljózy v tri ručʹjá)
  • рыда́ть в три ручья́ impf (rydátʹ v tri ručʹjá), зарыда́ть в три ручья́ pf (zarydátʹ v tri ručʹjá)

References

• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “ручей”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “ручей”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volume 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 129

Further reading

• ручей in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru