хаан
Buryat
editAlternative scripts | |
---|---|
Classical Mongolian | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ qaɣan |
Latin (1931–1936)a | kaan |
Latin (1937–1939)b |
xaan |
Cyrillic | хаан xaan |
a Based on the southern Tsongol–Sartul dialect. b Based on the eastern Khori dialect. |
Noun
editхаан • (xaan)
Declension
editThis noun needs an inflection-table template.
Mongolian
editMongolian | Cyrillic |
---|---|
ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan) | хаан (xaan) |
Etymology
editInherited from Classical Mongolian ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan), from Middle Mongol ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ (qaɣan). Compare Old Turkic 𐰴𐰍𐰣 (qaɣan), the title of Bumïn Qaγan, founder of the Turkic Khaganate who reigned in 551–552 CE. Clauson considers Mongolic qaɣan to be a Turkic loanword;[1] yet the reverse (Mongolic into Turkic) is equally as likely, as Turks themselves borrowed the title from Rourans.[2] As early as 3rd century CE general Yinalou, of Mongolic-speaking Xianbei ethnicity, had been recorded addressing chief Murong Tuyuhun as 可寒 (*qaɣan) (Early Middle Chinese 可寒 (kʰɑX ɦɑn)[3][4]), the earliest attested form of this title, before 可汗 (kèhán).[5]
According to Pulleyblank, the Xiongnu royal title 護于 (OC *ɢʷraːɡs ɢʷa) mentioned in the 1st century BCE is an earlier Chinese transcription of the same word.[1] Vovin (2007) accepts the Xiongnu provenance, proposing that both 護于 (OC *ɦwaʔ-ɦwaʰ) and 單于 (OC dar-ɦʷa) stemmed from a Xiongnu root *qa-/ɢa- "great, ruler", which in turn is related to Proto-Yeniseian *qeʔ (“big”) (Werner 2002.2:58) and *qʌ:j/*χʌ:j (“ruler, prince”) (Vovin's).[6]
Pronunciation
edit- (Mongolia Khalkh) IPA(key): [χäːɴ̟]
- (Khotgoid)
- (Darkhad)
- Hyphenation: хаан
Noun
editхаан • (xaan)
Declension
editattributive | хаан xaan | |
---|---|---|
singular / indefinite | definite plural | |
nominative | хаан xaan |
хаад, хаанууд xaad, xaanuud |
genitive | хааны xaany |
хаадын, хаануудын xaadyn, xaanuudyn |
accusative | хааныг xaanyg |
хаадыг, хаануудыг xaadyg, xaanuudyg |
dative-locative | хаанд xaand |
хаадад, хаануудад xaadad, xaanuudad |
genitive-dative | хааныд xaanyd |
хаадынд, хаануудынд xaadynd, xaanuudynd |
ablative | хаанаас xaanaas |
хаадаас, хаануудаас xaadaas, xaanuudaas |
instrumental | хаанаар xaanaar |
хаадаар, хаануудаар xaadaar, xaanuudaar |
comitative | хаантай xaantaj |
хаадтай, хаануудтай xaadtaj, xaanuudtaj |
privative | хаангүй xaangüj |
хаадгүй, хаануудгүй xaadgüj, xaanuudgüj |
directive | хаан руу xaan ruu |
хаад руу, хаанууд руу xaad ruu, xaanuud ruu |
singular / indefinite | definite plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | хаанаа xaanaa |
хаадаа, хаануудаа xaadaa, xaanuudaa |
genitive | хааныхаа xaanyxaa |
хаадынхаа, хаануудынхаа xaadynxaa, xaanuudynxaa |
accusative | хааныгаа xaanygaa |
хаадыгаа, хаануудыгаа xaadygaa, xaanuudygaa |
dative-locative | хаандаа xaandaa |
хааддаа, хаанууддаа xaaddaa, xaanuuddaa |
genitive-dative | хааныдаа xaanydaa |
хаадындаа, хаануудындаа xaadyndaa, xaanuudyndaa |
ablative | хаанаасаа xaanaasaa |
хаадаасаа, хаануудаасаа xaadaasaa, xaanuudaasaa |
instrumental | хаанаараа xaanaaraa |
хаадаараа, хаануудаараа xaadaaraa, xaanuudaaraa |
comitative | хаантайгаа xaantajgaa |
хаадтайгаа, хаануудтайгаа xaadtajgaa, xaanuudtajgaa |
privative | хаангүйгээ xaangüjgee |
хаадгүйгээ, хаануудгүйгээ xaadgüjgee, xaanuudgüjgee |
directive | хаан руугаа xaan ruugaa |
хаад руугаа, хаанууд руугаа xaad ruugaa, xaanuud ruugaa |
independent genitive |
singular / indefinite | definite plural |
---|---|---|
singular possession |
хааных xaanyx |
хаадынх, хаануудынх xaadynx, xaanuudynx |
collective possession |
хааныхан xaanyxan |
хаадынхан, хаануудынхан xaadynxan, xaanuudynxan |
Related terms
edit- ханлиг (xanlig)
Adjective
editхаан • (xaan)
- (attributive) khan; imperial
See also
edit- хан (xan)
References
edit- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Clauson, Gerard (1972) “xağan:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 611
- ^ Vovin, A. (2007) "Once Again on the Etymology of the Title qaγan" in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 12. p. 184-185
- ^ Songshu. vol. 96
- ^ Schuessler, A. 2007. Etymological Dictionary of Old Chinese. p. 275, 271)
- ^ Zhou, Weizhou [1985] A History of Tuyuhun. Guilin: Guangxi Normal University Press. →ISBN, pp. 3-6
- ^ Vovin, A. (2007) "Once Again on the Etymology of the Title qaγan" in Studia Etymologica Cracoviensia 12. p. 180-185
Yakut
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Turkic *kiān, compare Dolgan каан.
Noun
editхаан • (qaan)
Derived terms
edit- киҥ-хаан (kiñ-qaan, “anger, rage”)
- хаан кыһыл (qaan kıhıl, “blood red”)
- хааннаа (qaannaa, “to bleed, to bloodlet”) (transitive)
- хааннан (qaannan, “to bleed”) (intransitive)
- хааннаах (qaannaaq, “bloody”)
- Buryat lemmas
- Buryat nouns
- bua:Heads of state
- bua:Monarchy
- Mongolian terms inherited from Classical Mongolian
- Mongolian terms derived from Classical Mongolian
- Mongolian terms inherited from Middle Mongol
- Mongolian terms derived from Middle Mongol
- Mongolian terms derived from Turkic languages
- Mongolian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Mongolian lemmas
- Mongolian nouns
- Mongolian 1-syllable words
- Mongolian terms with usage examples
- Mongolian а-harmonic nouns
- Mongolian regular declension nouns
- Mongolian adjectives
- Yakut terms inherited from Proto-Turkic
- Yakut terms derived from Proto-Turkic
- Yakut lemmas
- Yakut nouns
- sah:Bodily fluids