ям
Belarusian
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editFrom Turkic, ultimately from Chinese 站 (zhàn) or Mongolian зам (zam). Cognate to Russian ям (jam), which see. Compare also semantically unrelated Estonian jaam.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́маў, relational adjective ямскі́)
Declension
editRelated terms
edit- я́мшчык (jámščyk)
- ямшчыко́вы (jamščykóvy)
- ямшчы́цкі (jamščýcki)
References
edit- “ям”, in Skarnik's Belarusian dictionary (in Belarusian), based on Kandrat Krapiva's Explanatory Dictionary of the Belarusian Language (1977-1984)
- “ям” in Belarusian–Russian dictionaries and Belarusian dictionaries at slounik.org
Bulgarian
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Church Slavonic ꙗсти (jasti), from Proto-Slavic *ěsti.
Pronunciation
editVerb
editям • (jam) first-singular present indicative, impf
- (transitive) to eat, to consume
- Synonyms: храня се (hranja se), консумирам (konsumiram)
- (transitive) to cause someone to worry, to eat, to pester, to badger, to nag
- Какво те яде?
- Kakvo te jade?
- What's worrying you?
Conjugation
editparticiples | present active participle | past active aorist participle | past active imperfect participle | past passive participle | verbal noun | adverbial participle | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | indefinite | ядя́щ jadjášt |
ял jal |
ядя́л jadjál |
я́ден jáden |
яде́йки jadéjki | |
definite subject form | ядя́щият jadjáštijat |
я́лият jálijat |
— | я́деният jádenijat | |||
definite object form | ядя́щия jadjáštija |
я́лия jálija |
— | я́дения jádenija | |||
feminine | indefinite | ядя́ща jadjášta |
я́ла jála |
ядя́ла jadjála |
я́дена jádena | ||
definite | ядя́щата jadjáštata |
я́лата jálata |
— | я́дената jádenata | |||
neuter | indefinite | ядя́що jadjášto |
я́ло jálo |
ядя́ло jadjálo |
я́дено jádeno |
я́дене jádene | |
definite | ядя́щото jadjáštoto |
я́лото jáloto |
— | я́деното jádenoto |
я́денето jádeneto | ||
plural | indefinite | ядя́щи jadjášti |
я́ли jáli |
яде́ли jadéli |
я́дени jádeni |
я́дения, я́денета jádenija, jádeneta | |
definite | ядя́щите jadjáštite |
я́лите jálite |
— | я́дените jádenite |
я́денията, я́денетата jádenijata, jádenetata |
person | singular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present | ям jam |
яде́ш jadéš |
яде́ jadé |
яде́м jadém |
яде́те jadéte |
яда́т jadát | |
imperfect | ядя́х jadjáh |
яде́ше jadéše |
яде́ше jadéše |
ядя́хме jadjáhme |
ядя́хте jadjáhte |
ядя́ха jadjáha | |
aorist | я́дох jádoh |
я́де jáde |
я́де jáde |
я́дохме jádohme |
я́дохте jádohte |
я́доха jádoha | |
future | pos. | Use ще followed by the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
future in the past | pos. | Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense | ||||||
present perfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
past perfect | Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect | Use the future indicative tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect in the past | Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
renarrative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ядя́л m, ядя́ла f, ядя́ло n, or яде́ли pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
dubitative | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and ядя́л m, ядя́ла f, ядя́ло n, or яде́ли pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | none
| ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
conclusive | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
present and imperfect | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ядя́л m, ядя́ла f, ядя́ло n, or яде́ли pl | ||||||
aorist | Use the present indicative tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
future and future in the past | pos. | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense | |||||
neg. | Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense | ||||||
present and past perfect | Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
future perfect and future perfect in the past | Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | ||||||
conditional | аз | ти | той/тя/то | ние | вие | те | |
Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and ял m, я́ла f, я́ло n, or я́ли pl | |||||||
imperative | - | ти | - | - | вие | - | |
яж jaž |
яде́те jadéte |
Erzya
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Mordvinic *jam, possibly inherited from Proto-Uralic *jamɜ (“mash, soup (made of fish flour, blood, meat)”).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editям • (jam)
Declension
edit1=ямPlease see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | ям (jam) | ямт (jamt) |
genitive | ямонь (jamoń) | — |
dative | ямнэнь (jamneń) | — |
ablative | ямдо (jamdo) | — |
inessive | ямсо (jamso) | — |
elative | ямсто (jamsto) | — |
illative | ямс (jams) | — |
prolative | ямга (jamga) | — |
translative | ямкс (jamks) | — |
comparative | ямшка (jamška) | — |
abessive | ямтомо (jamtomo) | — |
References
edit- B. A. Serebrennikov, R. N. Buzakova, M. V. Mosin (1993) “ям”, in Эрзянь-рузонь валкс [Erzya-Russian dictionary], Moscow: Русский язык, →ISBN
- Entry #162 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics.
Russian
editAlternative forms
edit- ямъ (jam) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
Pronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Turkic, ultimately from Chinese or Mongolian. There is no scholarly consensus regarding the direction of borrowing. Generally, it is believed that Turkic yam and Chinese 站 (zhàn) are loanwords from Mongolian ǰam, however, some (e.g. Tuymebayev in Казахско-монгольские лексические параллели (Kazaxsko-mongolʹskije leksičeskije paralleli)) believe the directionality is reversed (i.e. Chinese "to stand > stand > station" → Middle Mongol → Turkic → Russian). Whatever the etymology, what is apparent is that the word jam has been around for a long time and was used by Central Asians to designate a key postal relay station or official. Compare Mongolian зам (zam).
Noun
editям • (jam) m inan (genitive я́ма, nominative plural я́мы, genitive plural я́мов, relational adjective ямско́й)
Declension
editRelated terms
edit- ямщи́к (jamščík)
Descendants
edit- → Estonian: jaam
Etymology 2
editNoun
editям • (jam) f inan pl
Further reading
edit- ям in Большой толковый словарь, editor-in-chief С. А. Кузнецов – hosted at gramota.ru
- Belarusian terms derived from Turkic languages
- Belarusian terms derived from Chinese
- Belarusian terms derived from Mongolian
- Belarusian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Belarusian lemmas
- Belarusian nouns
- Belarusian masculine nouns
- Belarusian inanimate nouns
- Belarusian terms with historical senses
- Belarusian hard masculine-form nouns
- Belarusian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Belarusian nouns with accent pattern a
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Old Church Slavonic
- Bulgarian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Bulgarian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Bulgarian terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/am
- Rhymes:Bulgarian/am/1 syllable
- Bulgarian lemmas
- Bulgarian verbs
- Bulgarian imperfective verbs
- Bulgarian transitive verbs
- Bulgarian terms with usage examples
- Bulgarian irregular verbs
- Bulgarian conjugation 1.1 verbs
- Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Mordvinic
- Erzya terms derived from Proto-Mordvinic
- Erzya terms inherited from Proto-Uralic
- Erzya terms derived from Proto-Uralic
- Erzya lemmas
- Erzya nouns
- Erzya san-type nominals
- Russian 1-syllable words
- Russian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Russian terms with audio pronunciation
- Russian terms derived from Turkic languages
- Russian terms derived from Chinese
- Russian terms derived from Mongolian
- Russian lemmas
- Russian nouns
- Russian masculine nouns
- Russian inanimate nouns
- Russian terms with historical senses
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form nouns
- Russian hard-stem masculine-form accent-a nouns
- Russian nouns with accent pattern a
- Russian non-lemma forms
- Russian noun forms